# 郭华东 · Guo Huadong — 封面传记 ACF-00-00107

> 亚洲封面人物 Asia Cover Figure · 机器可读档案（LLM-ready）。本文件由官网结构化档案数据自动生成，供 AI 检索与引用。中文全文与英文全文对照编排。

## 档案元数据 Metadata

- 封面编码 ACF Code：**ACF-00-00107**
- 姓名 Name：郭华东 / Guo Huadong
- 职务 Title：院士 / CAS Academician
- 公司 Company：中国科学院（空天信息创新研究院） / Chinese Academy of Sciences (Aerospace Information Research Institute)
- 出生 Born：1950-10，江苏省徐州市丰县 (Feng County, Xuzhou, Jiangsu)
- 篇别 Category：格局（格局篇 / Cover Biography (Geju)）
- 入档日期 Accessioned：2026-07-20
- 标签 Tags：遥感科学, 雷达遥感, 数字地球, 地球大数据, 可持续发展, SDGSAT-1, 数字丝路, 灾害遥感, 国际科学组织, 中国科学院院士, 科技外交, 空天信息
- 永久档案链接 Archive URL：https://coverfigure.com/acf/ACF-00-00107/geju
- English archive：https://coverfigure.com/acf/ACF-00-00107/geju?lang=en
- 官网原文报道 Feature story：https://coverfigure.com/acf/figure/guohuadong

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## 卷首 Editorial Intro

人类对脚下这颗行星的系统性认知，不过几十年的历史。直到二十世纪下半叶，大部分国家对自身领土的测绘仍依赖地面调查和航空摄影，矿产勘查靠地质锤和罗盘，灾害评估靠人工巡查。"看清自己的土地"这件事，在技术意义上几乎等同于国家能力本身。而今天的遥感卫星可以在数小时内完成全球覆盖，数据被一百多个国家的科学家同时使用——这条从"看不清自己"到"为全人类看清地球"的路径，是过去半个世纪最重要的基础设施跃迁之一。

郭华东的职业生涯，罕见地串起了这条路径上的三个结构性阶段。第一个阶段是"看得见"：从雷达遥感机理研究到卫星地面站网建设，他参与构建了中国自主对地观测的技术底座。第二个阶段是"用得上"：从戈壁找矿、汶川救灾到城市与农业监测，他推动空间信息从实验室走向国家最紧迫的应用场景。第三个阶段是"走出去"：从数字地球的本土化落地到可持续发展科学卫星的全球数据开放，他主导的体系把中国的观测能力转化为全人类的公共产品。三个阶段对应三个时代命题——资源家底不清、灾害面前生命至上、全球治理中的科技公共产品供给——他不是追逐风口，而是被真实的国家需求"顶"到了每个位置上。

更值得记录的是他在国际科学合作中的角色。数字地球从一个美国政客的演讲概念，变成运行中的科学系统和覆盖百余国家的国际网络，中间的桥梁是中国科学家近二十年的持续投入。这不是行政动员的结果，而是科学愿景本身的号召力：当"数字地球"还停留在纸面构想时，中国的原型系统已开始运行；当全球可持续发展面临数据鸿沟时，中国的卫星向所有联合国成员国无偿开放。

这份档案要记录的，就是这样一个人——把个人学术理想嵌入国家观测体系的构建，又把国家能力延伸为人类共同的地球认知基础设施。他的工作，是理解中国如何从"买数据看地球"走到"发数据给世界"的一条关键线索。

——亚洲封面人物主编 子墨

In 1978, when Deng Xiaoping wrote on the report proposing the satellite ground station: "I suggest we approve this report. No need for further discussion," those eight characters carried the urgency of a nation that had only just opened its doors and was desperate to see the land beneath its own feet with clarity.[s20] At the time China had no remote-sensing satellites of its own. Mineral exploration in the northwestern Gobi relied on geological hammers, compasses and hand lenses; satellite data had to be purchased from Europe. "Others use the data to do their research first; by the time we get hold of it, their papers are nearly published," one scientist recalled.[s20]

Nearly half a century later, a sustainable-development science satellite designed under the stewardship of Chinese scientists orbits the Earth day and night, its data used free of charge by 116 United Nations member states. The International Society for Digital Earth, initiated by Chinese scientists and headquartered in Beijing, has become the first international science organization established by China to join the International Science Council. Annual reports on Big Earth Data authored by Chinese teams appear on the official document list of the United Nations General Assembly.[s1][s7][s27] The arc from buying data to read the Earth to sending data to the world traces the collective Long March of Guo Huadong's generation of Chinese remote-sensing scientists.

To understand Guo Huadong, one cannot view him merely as an outstanding remote-sensing specialist. His career remarkably threads together three main lines of New China's Earth-observation enterprise. The first is seeing clearly--from the physics of radar remote sensing and satellite ground stations to airborne remote-sensing systems, building an autonomous Earth-observation technology architecture. The second is making it useful--from mineral exploration in the Gobi and disaster response in Wenchuan to urban and agricultural monitoring, ensuring that spatial information serves the nation's most pressing needs. The third is going global--from Digital Earth and Big Earth Data to the sustainable-development science satellite, translating China's observational capabilities into public goods that serve all of humanity.[s4][s23][s2]

These three lines correspond to three generational imperatives: the question of unclear resource endowments in the early reform era; the question of putting lives first in the face of catastrophic disasters; and the question of how China, having moved to center stage on the world platform, can provide scientific and technological public goods for global governance. At every turning point in Guo Huadong's career, the push was not the pursuit of a disciplinary fad but the authentic demands of nation and era.

Even more revealing is his relationship with international organizations. ISDE is the first science organization initiated by China to gain admission to the International Science Council, widely regarded as a model of China's creation of influential international organizations and the practice of science diplomacy.[s31] That an academic body initiated by Chinese scientists, headquartered in China, with the president of the CAS as its founding president, could unite scholars from more than twenty countries under the banner of Digital Earth relied not on administrative mobilization but on the appeal of a scientific vision in itself--when Al Gore delivered his Digital Earth speech in 1998, the concept still existed only on paper; a decade later, foreign colleagues visiting Beijing and seeing a functioning Digital Earth prototype system had to concede: "We never imagined that what we failed to achieve, China has realized."[s29][s31]

What this archive sets out to record is a man who embedded personal aspiration within the nation's imperatives and then extended national capability into the common welfare of humanity. His office is filled with satellite images of the Earth: parched land, retreating glaciers, clusters of cities lighting up at night.[s2] Linked together, those images form a technological scroll--from a nation gazing up at the stars to peering down at the Earth, from following to running alongside to leading in selected fields--and an answer written over nearly fifty years by one scientist to the question: "We live on this Earth; how do we contribute to her healthy development?"[s2]

## 人物速览 Lead

郭华东，1950年10月生于江苏丰县，中科院院士、空天信息创新研究院研究员，遥感与数字地球专家，国际数字地球学会创始秘书长、终身名誉主席[s2][s4][s14]。1977年他毕业于南京大学，1981年获中科院研究生院硕士学位，师从陈述彭院士[s5][s30]。八十年代他率队在新疆阿勒泰戈壁遥感找矿，探明恰奔布拉克金矿18.8吨工业储量，总结出“遥感找矿三部曲”[s2][s20]；汶川地震他震后两分钟启动应急，团队发现草坡乡小学“SOS700”信号、700人获救，救灾响应从2天缩短到2小时[s16][s17]。他主持创建中国第一个数字地球原型系统，发起成立总部在北京的国际数字地球学会并创办《国际数字地球学报》[s31][s32]。作为中科院“地球大数据科学工程”专项负责人、可持续发展大数据国际研究中心主任，他主持研制全球首颗服务联合国2030议程的SDGSAT-1卫星，连续七年发布地球大数据支撑SDG报告，发起“数字丝路”计划[s7][s25][s11]，2026年获国际宇航联合会“名人堂”奖[s1]。从戈壁找矿到卫星数据服务116个联合国成员国，他用近半个世纪把中国遥感的“天眼”擦得越来越亮[s2]。

Guo Huadong, born October 1950 in Feng County, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, is an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and a research professor at the Aerospace Information Research Institute (AIRCAS). He is a specialist in remote sensing and Digital Earth, founding secretary-general and lifelong honorary president of the International Society for Digital Earth (ISDE).[s2][s4][s14] He graduated from Nanjing University in 1977 and earned a master's degree from the CAS Graduate School in 1981 under the mentorship of Academician Chen Shupeng.[s5][s30]

In the 1980s he led field campaigns in the Altay Mountains of Xinjiang, using remote sensing to locate mineral deposits. His team confirmed 18.8 tonnes of proven gold reserves at the Qiabenbulake deposit and developed a methodology later known as the 'Three-Step Remote Sensing Mineral Exploration.'[s2][s20] When the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake struck, he initiated an emergency remote-sensing response within two minutes of the quake; his team discovered an 'SOS700' signal on the flat roof of a primary school in Caopo Township, leading to the rescue of 700 trapped villagers, and cutting disaster-response time from two days to two hours.[s16][s17]

He presided over the creation of China's first Digital Earth prototype system and spearheaded the establishment of ISDE--the first international science organization initiated by China to be admitted to the International Science Council--with its headquarters in Beijing.[s31][s32] As principal investigator of the CAS 'Earth Big Data Science' strategic pilot program and director of the International Center of Excellence in Big Earth Data Science for Sustainable Development (CBAS), he led the development of SDGSAT-1, the world's first satellite dedicated to monitoring the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and has published seven consecutive annual reports on Big Earth Data in support of the SDGs, while launching the Digital Belt and Road (DBAR) initiative.[s7][s25][s11] In 2026 he was honored with the International Astronautical Federation Hall of Fame award.[s1]

From panning for gold in the Gobi Desert to delivering satellite data to 116 United Nations member states, he has spent close to half a century sharpening the celestial eye of Chinese remote sensing.[s2]

## 正文 Archive Chapters

### 1. 丰县少年：一张报告门票与一门学科的召唤 / A Boy from Feng County: An Admission Ticket to a Lecture and the Summons of a Discipline

一九五〇年十月六日，郭华东出生在江苏省徐州地区丰县的一个教师家庭。丰县地处苏鲁豫皖四省交界，是汉高祖刘邦的故里，民风厚重。他的父亲自上世纪四十年代起在家乡任教，五十年代起在新创办的县中担任教导主任，在小地方算“秀才级的人物”；家里六七个孩子，后来有四个考上大学，读书上进的家风给了郭华东最早的熏陶[s6]。一九六四年至一九六九年，他就读于丰县中学；中学毕业时正值“文革”，学业一度中断，但对知识的渴求没有放下[s3]。
一九七三年，郭华东进入南京大学地球科学系，学习矿床地质。那是一个国家急需矿产资源的年代，“一批地质、矿产专业的毕业生被分配到各个地方学习相关领域的新技术”，他被安排到中国科学院研习当时还十分陌生的合成孔径雷达（SAR）——一种装在飞机或卫星上、可以全天候全天时对地成像的微波遥感设备[s6][s23]。七十年代的中国，遥感尚是一门从零起步的新学科：一九七五年中国科学院引进、研制一批遥感仪器并组织卫星照片综合应用，一九七九年遥感应用研究所成立，陈述彭等先驱正是在这样一张白纸上勾画中国遥感的蓝图[s30][s6]。郭华东这代学人“入学时专业尚未成形、毕业时学科刚刚建制”，既无成熟教材可循，也无现成路径可依，反倒逼出了他们边干边建、以任务带学科的开拓气质[s20]。
一九七七年二月从南大毕业后，他先后在中国科学院南海海洋研究所、电子研究所工作：在南海海洋所，他随船出海、接触海洋观测与遥感影像解译；在电子所，他钻研合成孔径雷达这一微波遥感核心装备，地质专业的底子与雷达技术的训练在他身上交汇，为日后“用遥感找矿”埋下了伏笔[s3][s5]。
真正决定他一生方向的，是一场报告。一九七七年七月，他拿到一张中国科学院的报告入场券，主讲人是刚率中国遥感代表团出访归来、被誉为“中国遥感之父”的陈述彭先生。报告在冶金部礼堂举行，郭华东后来反复说起那一刻的震动：“原来遥感这门科技，能服务于国民经济的这么多领域，能为国家做这么多事情！”当时正值“文革”后国家第一次恢复研究生招生，他连夜给陈述彭写了一封热情洋溢的信，表达投师门下的愿望；没想到第二天就收到先生回信：“欢迎报考！”这封回信他珍藏多年。一九七八年十月，他如愿考入中国科学院研究生院，成为陈述彭“文革”后的首批研究生[s6][s30]。
陈述彭为他设定的方向是微波遥感，又亲自带他登门拜电子学专家陈宗骘为副导师、请地理学家郑威任副导师，让他在遥感所当时艰苦的条件下同时得到电子学与地理学两方面的训练；毕业答辩时，陈述彭特意请地质学界泰斗张文佑担任答辩委员会主席[s30]。这种刻意安排的跨学科培养，深刻塑造了郭华东的治学风格：他后来在雷达电磁波与地物相互作用机理上的建树，本质上是物理学、电子学与地球科学交叉的产物。一九八一年十一月，他获地图学与遥感专业硕士学位，进入中国科学院遥感应用研究所工作[s5][s23]。
一九八四年一月至一九八五年一月，郭华东赴美国俄勒冈州立大学进修雷达遥感，近距离接触国际前沿[s3][s23]。俄勒冈的实验室里，他系统学习合成孔径雷达信号处理与地物散射机理，也亲眼看到美国同行如何把航天飞机雷达、地面散射计与野外观测串成一条完整的研究链。回国时，他带回的不只是雷达遥感的理论方法，还有一种强烈的紧迫感：中国的遥感研究不能只跟在别人后面做应用，必须有自己的数据、自己的机理认识、自己的技术体系。陈述彭“要做海绵，不要做钢球”的教诲，成为他一生的座右铭——海绵善于吸收，钢球只会反弹碰撞；做科研要像海绵一样广泛汲取、虚怀若谷[s20]。多年后他在遥感所、对地观测中心、空天信息创新研究院带出一支支队伍时，这种“海绵式”的开放品格被一再复制。
研究生时代的郭华东，就已经显露出后来贯穿一生的两个特质：一是对“机理”的执拗，不肯停留在影像解译的经验层面，非要追问电磁波与地物相互作用的物理本质；二是对“国家需求”的敏感，论文题目再前沿，最终也要回答“这东西能为国家干什么”[s30][s6]。陈述彭主持编写《遥感大辞典》、筹建遥感应用研究所时强调的“遥感不是单一技术，而是一门服务国民经济的综合性学科”，被他完整继承下来[s30]。他后来回忆，导师常对学生说，做学问既要能“上天”——追踪国际前沿，也要能“入地”——解决中国自己的问题；这句话他在各种场合讲了几十年[s6]。
回望这段起步岁月，郭华东的轨迹带有鲜明的时代印记：他学地质，是因为国家急缺矿产；他转雷达，是因为国家要布局新技术；他投师陈述彭，是因为被“遥感能为国家做这么多事”所感召。个人的每一次选择，都与国家科技布局的节点严丝合缝，这不是巧合，而是那一代中国科学家共同的精神底色——把“小我”嵌入“大我”，个人理想才有安放之处[s20]。他后来调侃自己“从被遥感迷住的那一天起，就踏上了一条不归路”[s6]。所谓不归路，不过是情之所钟、义无反顾——而这条路上的第一个大考场，很快就在新疆阿勒泰的戈壁滩上铺开了。

**English:** On October 6, 1950, Guo Huadong was born into a family of teachers in Feng County, Xuzhou Prefecture, Jiangsu Province.[s3] Feng County sits at the junction of four provinces--Shandong, Jiangsu, Henan and Anhui--and is the ancestral home of Emperor Gaozu of the Han dynasty; the local ethos is one of gravity and tradition. His father had been a schoolteacher since the 1940s and, in the 1950s, became dean of studies at a newly established county middle school, regarded locally as a scholar of note. The family had six or seven children, four of whom eventually entered universities; the household emphasis on study provided Guo Huadong with his earliest intellectual formation.[s6]

From 1964 to 1969 he attended Feng County Middle School; when he graduated, the Cultural Revolution was in full swing and his studies were interrupted for a time, though his hunger for knowledge never abated.[s3]

In 1973 Guo Huadong entered the Department of Earth Sciences at Nanjing University to study mineral-deposit geology. It was an era in which the nation urgently needed mineral resources. A batch of geology and mineral graduates was dispatched to various places to learn new technologies in related fields; he was assigned to the Chinese Academy of Sciences to study what was then an entirely unfamiliar discipline--synthetic aperture radar (SAR), a microwave remote-sensing device mounted on aircraft or satellites that can image the Earth's surface in all weather, day or night.[s6][s23] In 1970s China, remote sensing was still a brand-new discipline starting from scratch: in 1975 the CAS introduced and developed a batch of remote-sensing instruments and organized comprehensive applications of satellite photographs; in 1979 the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications was established; pioneers such as Chen Shupeng were sketching the blueprint for Chinese remote sensing on what was essentially a blank sheet of paper.[s30][s6] Guo Huadong's generation of scholars--entering university before the discipline had taken shape, graduating just as it was being institutionalized--had neither mature textbooks to follow nor established paths to rely on; this very absence forced upon them an ethos of learning by doing, building the discipline through real missions.[s20]

After graduating from Nanjing University in February 1977, he worked successively at the CAS South China Sea Institute of Oceanology and the CAS Institute of Electronics. At the South China Sea Institute he went to sea on research vessels, gaining exposure to ocean observation and the interpretation of remote-sensing imagery; at the Institute of Electronics he delved into synthetic aperture radar, the core equipment of microwave remote sensing. The intersection of his geology background with radar training planted the seed for his future path of using remote sensing to find minerals.[s3][s5]

What truly determined the course of his life was a single lecture. In July 1977 he obtained an admission ticket to a CAS report, the speaker being Chen Shupeng, known as the father of Chinese remote sensing, who had just returned from leading a Chinese remote-sensing delegation abroad. The lecture was held at the Auditorium of the Ministry of Metallurgical Industry. Guo Huadong would recount the impact of that moment repeatedly in later years: "So remote sensing, as a science and technology, can serve so many sectors of the national economy and do so much for the country!" It was precisely the time when the nation restored its graduate-enrollment system for the first time after the Cultural Revolution. That night he wrote an impassioned letter to Chen Shupeng expressing his wish to study under him; to his astonishment, the very next day he received a reply: "You are welcome to take the entrance examination!" He treasured that letter for many years. In October 1978 he was admitted to the CAS Graduate School as planned, becoming one of Chen Shupeng's first post-Cultural Revolution graduate students.[s6][s30]

Chen Shupeng set his research direction in microwave remote sensing and personally took him to call on electronics expert Chen Zongzhi as a co-advisor, while inviting geographer Zheng Wei to serve as another co-advisor, so that even under the austere conditions of the Institute of Remote Sensing he received simultaneous training in both electronics and geography; for his thesis defense, Chen Shupeng specifically invited the doyen of Chinese geology, Zhang Wenyu, to chair the examining committee.[s30] That deliberately cross-disciplinary cultivation profoundly shaped Guo Huadong's scholarly style: his later contributions to the physics of electromagnetic-wave interaction with ground targets were, in essence, the product of physics, electronics and Earth science converging. In November 1981 he was awarded a master's degree in cartography and remote sensing and took up a post at the CAS Institute of Remote Sensing Applications.[s5][s23]

From January 1984 to January 1985 Guo Huadong went to Oregon State University in the United States to undertake advanced study in radar remote sensing, coming into direct contact with the international research frontier.[s3][s23] In the Oregon laboratory he systematically studied synthetic aperture radar signal processing and the scattering mechanisms of ground targets, and saw firsthand how American colleagues linked space-shuttle radar, ground scatterometers and field observations into a complete research chain. When he returned to China he brought back not only the theoretical methods of radar remote sensing but also a powerful sense of urgency: Chinese remote-sensing research could not simply follow others in applications; it needed its own data, its own understanding of mechanisms, and its own technology system. Chen Shupeng's injunction--Be a sponge, not a steel ball--became his lifelong motto: a sponge is good at absorbing; a steel ball only bounces and collides; in research one should absorb broadly and remain open-hearted.[s20] Years later, when he built team after team at the Institute of Remote Sensing, the Center for Earth Observation and Digital Earth, and the Aerospace Information Research Institute, that sponge-like openness was replicated again and again.

Even as a graduate student, Guo Huadong already displayed two traits that would define his entire career. First was an obsession with mechanisms--a refusal to remain at the empirical level of image interpretation, insisting on probing the physics of electromagnetic-wave-to-ground-target interactions. Second was a sensitivity to national demand--no matter how cutting-edge the paper topic, it ultimately had to answer what can this do for the country?[s30][s6] When Chen Shupeng compiled the Comprehensive Dictionary of Remote Sensing and established the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications, he emphasized that remote sensing is not a single technique but a comprehensive discipline serving the national economy--a principle Guo Huadong fully inherited.[s30] He would later recall that his mentor often told students: scholarship must be able both to reach the sky--tracking the international frontier--and to penetrate the ground--solving China's own problems; he repeated those words at every forum for decades.[s6]

Looking back at those formative years, Guo Huadong's trajectory bears the distinctive marks of the era. He studied geology because the nation was desperate for minerals; he turned to radar because the nation was deploying new technologies; he sought out Chen Shupeng because he was moved by the realization that remote sensing can do so much for the country. Each personal choice dovetailed precisely with a node in the nation's science-and-technology deployment. This was no coincidence; it was the shared spiritual fabric of that generation of Chinese scientists--embedding the small self within the large self so that personal aspiration has a place to rest.[s20] He later joked that from the day I was captivated by remote sensing, I set foot on a path of no return.[s6] That path of no return was nothing more than devotion wholehearted and commitment without reservation--and the first great testing ground on that road soon opened up on the Gobi plains of Altay in Xinjiang.

### 2. 戈壁作证：遥感找矿与自主对地观测体系的奠基 / Witness of the Gobi: Mineral Exploration by Remote Sensing and the Laying of an Autonomous Earth-Observation Foundation

上世纪八十年代，中国经济快速发展，矿产资源需求猛增，而新疆等西北广大地区的矿储情况尚不明朗，几十万平方公里的荒山野岭，传统地质找矿犹如大海捞针[s2]。一九八五年，国家“七五”重大科技攻关项目——以“加速查明新疆矿产资源”为核心任务的“305”项目启动。刚从美国访问归来的郭华东提出用遥感技术找矿的设想，却遭到不少传统地质学者质疑：找矿是锤子、罗盘、放大镜的活，距离地面几百公里的卫星能看见什么？[s2][s20]
“我是地矿专业出身，又学习了遥感，利用遥感找矿应该是我拿手的。”郭华东没有争辩，而是带着七个研究所的四十六位科研人员一头扎进新疆阿勒泰[s2][s20]。团队白天顶着烈日野外踏勘、采集岩石样本，晚上在帐篷里判读卫星影像、圈定找矿靶区；野外缺水，嘴唇干裂出血，他用舌头一舔继续调试仪器[s2]。他们用五年时间磨砺出一套后来被称为“遥感找矿三部曲”的方法：第一步“遥感空间定位”，先用卫星遥感采集处理约十二万平方公里的数据锁定大范围，再用航空遥感逐层缩小、排除无矿潜力区；第二步“遥感化探定性”，结合地球化学采样分析元素组合、筛选成矿远景区；第三步“遥感工程定量”，通过开挖探槽等工程验证，精准测算矿藏储量[s20]。
五年后，成果令质疑者信服：团队共发现并圈定十四个成矿有利地带和靶区，仅在哈巴河县恰奔布拉克地区就发现二百九十二条石英脉，其中四十六条为含金石英脉，探明金矿十八点八吨工业储量、七十吨远景储量，让哈巴河跻身北疆“黄金万两县”之列[s2][s20]。这项成果先后获一九九〇年中国科学院科技进步一等奖（排名第一）和一九九一年国家科技进步三等奖（排名第一）[s23]。比金矿更宝贵的是方法论：“遥感找矿三部曲”为我国在宏观尺度上开展矿产资源遥感探测提供了可复制的理论与技术路径，也让遥感技术在资源调查领域从“异端邪说”变成常规手段[s20][s3]。
找矿过程中的一个困境让郭华东耿耿于怀：“当时我们没有自己的遥感卫星，所有数据都从欧洲购买。别人先用数据研究，等我们拿到时，人家论文都快发表了。”[s20] 没有自主数据源，技术再先进也受制于人。事实上，中国遥感卫星地面站正是在这一大背景下建成：一九七八年邓小平批示引进，一九八六年十二月，由邓小平题名的中国遥感卫星地面站在北京密云建成运行[s20]。此后从密云一站，到新疆喀什、海南三亚、云南丽江、黑龙江漠河站相继建成，地面站网覆盖全国及亚洲约百分之七十的陆地区域，中国遥感数据接收能力从无到有、跻身世界前列[s20]。郭华东后来担任遥感卫星地面站网总指挥，是这一国家能力建设的直接推动者之一[s45]。
在技术前沿，他把主要心血倾注于雷达遥感。他系统揭示雷达电磁波与典型地物的相互作用机理，建立无植被沙丘雷达散射几何模型，揭示熔岩的去极化机理与植被的多极化响应现象，从理论上证实长波段雷达对干沙的穿透性[s3][s21]。一九九四年，美国航天飞机成像雷达SIR-C/X-SAR执行包括中国在内十三国合作的对地观测计划，郭华东被美国宇航局聘为该计划科学工作组成员和全球五十二位首席科学家之一，并入选航天飞机雷达地形测图（SRTM）计划[s21][s22]。他组织中国试验区开展“航天—航空—地面”立体同步观测和干沙穿透试验，在阿拉善高原沙层下埋设角反射器，定量测得L波段雷达可穿透数十厘米至数米干沙（理论最大穿透深度约2.82米），并据此发现了干沙覆盖下的古水系；同一批研究还识别出昆仑山火山群五个此前未知的火山口及两种熔岩、广东肇庆植被覆盖下的岩层展布，以及阿拉善高原明代、隋代两代长城的走向[s22][s21]。这些工作让中国雷达遥感研究在国际上占有了一席之地。
这一时期，他还深度参与国家对地观测体系的顶层布局：一九九二年至二〇〇〇年担任国家863计划信息获取与处理技术主题（308主题）专家组成员及第四、五届专家组组长，推进我国对地观测技术发展；他提出开拓电磁波“波段、振幅、极化、相位”四类资源的学术思路，推动新型对地观测系统建设，并为我国首颗雷达卫星立项作出贡献[s45][s23]。他主持建成的神舟飞船陆地遥感应用系统，把载人航天对地观测试验与国土、灾害、农业监测结合起来，获二〇〇四年载人航天工程军队科技进步二等奖（排名第一）[s23]。
与科研同步，他在管理岗位上也一步步挑起大梁：一九八五年起任遥感应用研究所研究室副主任，一九八八年起任副所长、常务副所长，一九九七年四月出任所长，直到二〇〇二年；一九九四年至二〇〇二年任遥感信息科学开放研究实验室主任，一九九五年起兼任国家遥感中心研究发展部主任，一九九七年国家遥感应用工程技术研究中心成立时出任首届主任[s3][s23]。这段经历让他对“体系”二字有了切身理解：对地观测不是一颗卫星、一个实验室的事，而是卫星、飞机、地面站、数据处理、应用服务环环相扣的国家能力；任何一环受制于人，整条链都会断[s20][s45]。从买数据、建地面站，到钻机理、立项目、上卫星，中国对地观测“看得见”的底座，正是在这一代人手里一寸寸浇铸成型的。

**English:** In the 1980s, as China's economy developed rapidly, demand for mineral resources surged, yet the mineral endowment of vast northwestern regions such as Xinjiang remained unclear. Hundreds of thousands of square kilometers of barren mountains and wilderness made traditional geological prospecting akin to finding a needle in a haystack.[s2] In 1985 the state launched the 305 project--a major program under the Seventh Five-Year Plan for science and technology, centered on accelerating the identification of Xinjiang's mineral resources. Guo Huadong, freshly returned from a visit to the United States, proposed using remote-sensing technology to find minerals. He was met with considerable skepticism from traditional geologists: prospecting was work for a geological hammer, a compass and a hand lens--what could a satellite hundreds of kilometers above the ground possibly see?[s2][s20]

"I come from a geology and mineral background, and I also studied remote sensing--exploiting remote sensing for mineral exploration should be what I do best." Guo Huadong did not argue. Instead, he led 46 researchers from seven institutes straight into the Altay Mountains of Xinjiang.[s2][s20] By day the team conducted field surveys under the blazing sun, collecting rock samples; by night they interpreted satellite imagery and delineated exploration targets inside tents. Water was scarce in the field; lips cracked and bled, and he would wet them with his tongue before continuing to calibrate instruments.[s2] Over five years they forged a methodology that later became known as the Three-Step Remote Sensing Mineral Exploration. Step one: remote-sensing spatial positioning--first acquire and process roughly 120,000 square kilometers of satellite remote-sensing data to lock down broad areas, then use airborne remote sensing to narrow the search layer by layer, eliminating zones with no mineral potential. Step two: remote-sensing geochemical qualitative analysis--combine geochemical sampling to analyze element assemblages and screen prospective mineralization areas. Step three: remote-sensing engineering quantitative assessment--excavate exploration trenches and use engineering verification to precisely calculate ore reserves.[s20]

Five years later, the results silenced the skeptics. The team discovered and delineated 14 prospective mineralization zones and targets. In the Qiabenbulake area of Habahe County alone, they identified 292 quartz veins, of which 46 were gold-bearing. They confirmed 18.8 tonnes of proven industrial gold reserves and 70 tonnes of prospective reserves, placing Habahe County among the leading gold-producing counties of northern Xinjiang.[s2][s20] The work won the 1990 CAS First Prize for Scientific and Technological Progress (first-ranked) and the 1991 National Third Prize for Scientific and Technological Progress (first-ranked).[s23] More valuable than the gold itself was the methodology: the Three-Step Remote Sensing Mineral Exploration provided a replicable theoretical and technical path for macro-scale mineral exploration across the country, transforming remote-sensing technology from heretical doctrine into a standard tool in resource surveying.[s20][s3]

One frustration during the mineral exploration gnawed at Guo Huadong: "At the time we had no remote-sensing satellites of our own; all data had to be purchased from Europe. Others use the data for their research first; by the time we get it, their papers are nearly published."[s20] Without an autonomous data source, no matter how advanced the technology, one remained dependent on others. It was precisely against this backdrop that China's remote-sensing satellite ground station was built. In December 1986, the China Remote Sensing Satellite Ground Station--named by Deng Xiaoping himself--was completed and became operational at Miyun on the outskirts of Beijing.[s20] Subsequently, stations at Kashgar in Xinjiang, Sanya in Hainan, Lijiang in Yunnan and Mohe in Heilongjiang were built in succession. The ground-station network came to cover roughly 70 percent of the land area of Asia, lifting China's remote-sensing data-reception capability from nothing to among the world's leading tier.[s20] Guo Huadong later served as commander-in-chief of the ground-station network, becoming one of the direct architects of that national capability.[s45]

On the technological frontier, he devoted his deepest effort to radar remote sensing. He systematically revealed the interaction mechanisms between radar electromagnetic waves and typical ground targets, established a geometric model for radar scattering from sand dunes without vegetation, uncovered the depolarization mechanism of lava flows and the multi-polarization response of vegetation, and theoretically confirmed the penetration capability of long-wavelength radar through dry sand.[s3][s21] In 1994, when the U.S. Space Shuttle Imaging Radar SIR-C/X-SAR executed a joint Earth-observation program involving thirteen countries including China, Guo Huadong was appointed by NASA as a member of the program's science team and one of 52 principal investigators worldwide, and was also selected for the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM).[s21][s22] He organized Chinese test sites for three-dimensional synchronous observation combining space-borne, airborne and ground instruments, burying corner reflectors beneath the sand layers of the Alashan Plateau. He quantitatively measured that L-band radar could penetrate from tens of centimeters to several meters of dry sand (with a theoretical maximum penetration depth of approximately 2.82 meters) and, on that basis, discovered ancient water systems buried beneath the dry sand. The same body of research also identified five previously unknown volcanic craters in the Kunlun Mountain volcanic field, along with two types of lava; the distribution of rock strata beneath vegetation in Zhaoqing, Guangdong; and the alignment of Ming- and Sui-dynasty sections of the Great Wall on the Alashan Plateau.[s22][s21] These works secured a place for Chinese radar remote-sensing research on the international stage.

During this period he was also deeply involved in the top-level design of China's national Earth-observation system. From 1992 to 2000 he served as a member of the expert panel for the National 863 Program's Theme of Information Acquisition and Processing Technology (Theme 308) and as head of the fourth and fifth expert-panel sessions, advancing the development of China's Earth-observation technology. He proposed an academic framework for exploiting four categories of electromagnetic-wave resources--wavelength, amplitude, polarization and phase--pushing forward the construction of a new-type Earth-observation system and contributing to the approval of China's first radar satellite.[s45][s23] He presided over the development of the Shenzhou spacecraft land remote-sensing application system, integrating crewed-spaceflight Earth-observation experiments with monitoring of land resources, disasters and agriculture, earning the 2004 Military Scientific and Technological Progress Second Prize for the Crewed Spaceflight Program (first-ranked).[s23]

Alongside his research, he progressively shouldered greater administrative responsibility. From 1985 he served as deputy director of a division at the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications; from 1988 as deputy director and then executive deputy director of the institute; and from April 1997 as director until 2002. From 1994 to 2002 he directed the Open Research Laboratory of Remote Sensing Information Science; from 1995 he concurrently served as director of the Research and Development Department of the National Remote Sensing Center; and when the National Engineering Technology Research Center for Remote Sensing Applications was established in 1997, he became its first director.[s3][s23] This experience gave him an intimate understanding of what system truly means: Earth observation is not the business of a single satellite or a single laboratory--it is a chain of national capability in which satellites, aircraft, ground stations, data processing and application services are linked ring by ring. If any one link is controlled by others, the entire chain breaks.[s20][s45] From purchasing data to building ground stations, from drilling into mechanisms to launching projects and deploying satellites, the seeing-clearly foundation of China's Earth observation was poured into place, inch by inch, by this generation.

### 3. 天眼守望：从汶川到芦山，灾害遥感的中国速度 / Vigilant Eyes from the Sky: The Chinese Speed of Disaster Remote Sensing, from Wenchuan to Lushan

二〇〇八年五月十二日十四时二十八分，汶川特大地震发生，北京有明显震感。震后仅两分钟，时任中国科学院对地观测与数字地球科学中心主任的郭华东就下达指令：收集震区灾前不同分辨率、不同传感器的卫星数据，安排未来几天过境卫星接收计划，做好航空遥感飞行准备[s16]。中心拥有密云、喀什两个卫星地面接收站和两架“奖状”高空高性能航空遥感飞机，是国家对地观测的两大科技基础设施；在道路塌方、通信全部中断、救援队伍完全不了解灾区内部情况的至暗时刻，遥感成了唯一能穿透阻隔的“眼睛”[s2][s16]。
五月十四日晨，经国务院批准，两架航空遥感飞机从良乡机场飞赴灾区；当天下午至深夜，在极其恶劣的天气条件下完成两架次共八小时的雷达航空作业，首批灾情监测数据连夜传回北京[s16]。五月十七日深夜，值班的雷莉萍、刘良云研究员在海量影像中发现异常：汶川县草坡乡一所小学的平顶屋顶上，六个红色字符“SOS700”赫然在目——那是被困的八个村七百名村民用红布、红绸拼出的求救信号[s17][s29]。郭华东迅速组织核实并连夜上报，在白春礼院长带领下信息直报中央，军用直升机随即飞赴草坡乡，七百名被困群众全部获救[s17][s19]。“如果没有遥感，就不会发现求救信号，就不会知道深山中有七百名生命待拯救。”郭华东后来反复感慨[s2]。
五月二十一日，中国科学院正式成立抗震救灾遥感应急指挥部和汶川地震灾害遥感监测与灾情评估工作组，郭华东分任副总指挥和工作组组长，组织全院十余个研究所协同作战[s2][s16]。遥感的价值不止于救人：他仔细判读影像后认定北川县城已遭严重损毁，且面临堰塞湖与次生灾害威胁，原址重建风险极大，遂以专报形式提出人员迅速撤离、北川县城异地新建、保留震后原貌并适时列为国家级地震遗址地等建议；同年十一月初，国务院常务会议决定异地重建北川新县城[s17][s16]。震后一个月里，两架遥感飞机飞行四十多架次、二百余小时，最长一天飞行十三小时四十四分钟，达到遥感飞机飞行极限，实现重灾区全范围多密度覆盖[s16]。他还主编了《汶川地震灾害遥感图集》，成为中国防灾减灾遥感应用的基础性文献[s20][s23]。
汶川一战，让国家看到了空间信息的战略价值。科技部与中科院在对地观测中心建立起有十三个部委参加的“空间信息数据分析会商共享机制”，每天集中研讨灾情监测评估的数据与技术方案[s17]。更重要的是，一支队伍被真正“练”了出来：一景卫星图像的数据处理时间从二小时压缩到十二分半，生产效率提高十倍；团队突破全天候星机协同观测、灾情遥感快速评估、海量数据实时共享三项关键技术[s17]。二〇一〇年四月十四日青海玉树地震，他们八小时内完成数据获取、二十四小时内上报灾情，两小时内传回250GB航空遥感数据；二〇一三年四月二十日四川芦山地震，遥感飞机在震后一百零八分钟即从绵阳起飞，三小时内完成比例尺一万分之一的航空影像图——这张图后来挂在了国务院总理李克强主持的抗震救灾工作会议现场[s17][s18][s44]。从汶川的2天、玉树的8小时到芦山的2小时，中国遥感救灾响应速度一再刷新[s2]。
变化的不只是速度，更是机制。汶川时遥感人是“临时集中、主动寻找救灾需求”，每天下午三点会商谁需要什么数据；到玉树、舟曲、芦山、鲁甸等灾害来临时，已形成“不用召唤、自觉到岗”的应急机制——第一时间把灾前遥感图整理上网供各部门免费下载，灾后影像完成后第一时间报送中央和指挥部[s17]。科技救灾由此入选“中国科学院改革开放四十年四十项标志性科技成果”[s17]。郭华东团队进一步把汶川经验系统化，建立起重大地震灾情全天时全天候、主被动结合的遥感观测体系[s3]。
汶川经验还沉淀为一批制度性成果。郭华东牵头组织对地震烈度、房屋倒损、堰塞湖分布、道路损毁等开展系统遥感评估，相关图集、数据集和评估报告成为灾后重建规划的基础依据；他主编的《汶川地震灾害遥感图集》以震前震后影像对比的方式完整记录灾区损毁状况，既是科技文献，也为后来的玉树、芦山、鲁甸地震应急提供了范本[s20][s23]。在国际层面，他推动中科院与发展中国家科学院共建空间减灾卓越中心（CAS-TWAS CoE），二〇一三年起任主任，把中国灾害遥感的技术、数据和培训课程向发展中国家开放；汶川模式由此成为南南科技合作的一张名片[s5][s13]。
回顾这段历程，郭华东总结出科技救灾的三条体会：一是基础设施必须常备不懈，飞机、地面站、数据处理链要像消防队一样随时处于待命状态；二是应急不是临时抱佛脚，平时就要把灾前本底数据库建好，灾时才能“图”到拿来；三是空间信息必须共享，数据锁在某个单位的柜子里就等于没有[s17][s2]。这三条后来被写进国家空间信息应急体系的建设思路。当灾难救援上演“中国速度”之际，郭华东却把目光投向更远的地方：这份从太空守望生命的能力，能不能走出国门，去守护更多人的家园？有人不解：自己国家的事还没干完，管那么远干吗？他的回答后来成了中国遥感国际合作的宣言——“我们生活在地球上，怎么为她的健康发展贡献力量？这是我们遥感人的使命。”[s2]

**English:** At 2:28 p.m. on May 12, 2008, the catastrophic Wenchuan earthquake struck. Beijing felt the tremors clearly. Just two minutes after the quake, Guo Huadong--then director of the CAS Center for Earth Observation and Digital Earth Science--issued his orders: collect pre-disaster satellite data of the affected zone at various resolutions and from various sensors; arrange satellite reception plans for the coming days; prepare for airborne remote-sensing flights.[s16] The center operated two satellite ground-receiving stations, at Miyun and Kashgar, and two Citation high-altitude, high-performance airborne remote-sensing aircraft--the two major national scientific-infrastructure platforms for Earth observation. At the darkest moment, when roads had collapsed, all communications were severed and rescue teams had no knowledge whatsoever of conditions inside the disaster zone, remote sensing was the only eye that could see through the barriers.[s2][s16]

On the morning of May 14, with State Council approval, the two airborne remote-sensing aircraft flew from Liangxiang Airport to the disaster zone. That afternoon and into the night, under extremely adverse weather conditions, they completed two sorties totaling eight hours of radar airborne operations. The first batch of disaster-monitoring data was transmitted back to Beijing that same night.[s16] Late on May 17, on-duty researchers Lei Liping and Liu Liangyun, sifting through a massive volume of imagery, spotted an anomaly: on the flat rooftop of a primary school in Caopo Township, Wenchuan County, six red characters reading SOS700 stood out in bold relief--the desperate signal spelled out in red cloth and red silk by eight besieged villages and 700 trapped villagers.[s17][s29] Guo Huadong swiftly organized verification and filed an urgent report that same night; under the leadership of CAS President Bai Chunli, the information was relayed directly to the central authorities, and military helicopters immediately flew to Caopo Township. All 700 trapped villagers were rescued.[s17][s19] "Without remote sensing, the distress signal would not have been discovered; the 700 lives deep in the mountains would not have been known to need saving," Guo Huadong would say time and again in later years.[s2]

On May 21, the CAS formally established an Earthquake-Relief Remote Sensing Emergency Command Center and a Wenchuan Earthquake Disaster Remote-Sensing Monitoring and Damage-Assessment Working Group. Guo Huadong served as deputy commander-in-chief of the former and head of the latter, coordinating more than a dozen CAS research institutes in a joint operation.[s2][s16] The value of remote sensing extended well beyond saving lives. After careful interpretation of the imagery, he concluded that Beichuan County seat had suffered catastrophic destruction and faced imminent threats from barrier lakes and secondary hazards; rebuilding on the original site carried enormous risk. He submitted a special report recommending rapid evacuation of personnel, reconstruction of Beichuan County at a new location, and preservation of the post-earthquake ruins for future designation as a national-level earthquake heritage site. In early November of the same year, the State Council executive meeting decided to rebuild Beichuan County seat at a new site.[s17][s16] Over the course of one month after the quake, the two remote-sensing aircraft flew more than 40 sorties, accumulating over 200 flight hours; on the longest day, a single aircraft flew 13 hours and 44 minutes, pushing airborne remote sensing to its physical limits, and achieving multi-density coverage of the entire heavily damaged zone.[s16] He also served as chief editor of the Remote Sensing Atlas of Wenchuan Earthquake Disaster, which became a foundational document for remote-sensing applications in disaster prevention and reduction in China.[s20][s23]

The Wenchuan campaign revealed to the nation the strategic value of spatial information. The Ministry of Science and Technology and the CAS established a Spatial Information Data Analysis, Consultation and Sharing Mechanism at the Center for Earth Observation, with 13 ministries and commissions participating, convening daily to discuss data and technical solutions for disaster monitoring and assessment.[s17] More importantly, a team was truly tempered through the experience: the data-processing time for a single satellite-image scene was compressed from two hours to twelve and a half minutes--a tenfold increase in production efficiency. The team broke through three key technologies: all-weather satellite-aircraft coordinated observation, rapid remote-sensing assessment of disasters, and real-time sharing of massive data volumes.[s17]

On April 14, 2010, when the Qinghai Yushu earthquake struck, they completed data acquisition within eight hours, filed disaster reports within twenty-four hours, and transmitted 250 gigabytes of airborne remote-sensing data within two hours. On April 20, 2013, when the Sichuan Lushan earthquake struck, the remote-sensing aircraft took off from Mianyang just 108 minutes after the quake; within three hours it had produced a 1:10,000-scale aerial imagery map--the very map that was subsequently hung at the State Council premier Li Keqiang's emergency earthquake-relief work conference.[s17][s18][s44] From two days at Wenchuan to eight hours at Yushu to two hours at Lushan, China's remote-sensing disaster-response speed was being refreshed again and again.[s2]

What changed was not only speed but also mechanism. During Wenchuan, the remote-sensing teams operated in an ad hoc concentration, proactively seeking disaster-relief needs mode, with daily 3 p.m. consultations to determine who needed which data; by the time Yushu, Zhouqu, Lushan, Ludian and other disasters struck, a standardized operating procedure had been established: within two hours of an earthquake, remote-sensing aircraft were airborne, satellite data was being received, and disaster images were being produced--no summons required, no consultation needed, automatic response.[s17] Guo Huadong put the principle this way: "We must shift from needing to be summoned to automatically reporting for duty--when disaster strikes, we are not waiting for orders; we are already in position."[s17]

In retrospect, the transformation in disaster-remote-sensing response from Wenchuan to Lushan encapsulates a larger trajectory of Chinese science and technology over those five years. The first leap was from having data to having data in real time--from waiting for European satellite overpasses to independently deploying aircraft within two hours. The second leap was from providing images to providing analysis--from simply photographing the surface to interpreting the images and producing actionable recommendations such as the relocation of Beichuan. The third leap was from ad hoc emergency response to institutionalized capability--from assembling a team for a single battle to building a mechanism that could respond automatically. Guo Huadong was the chief architect of all three leaps.[s2][s17][s5][s3][s13]

### 4. 把地球装进计算机：数字地球的中国策源地 / Putting the Earth into a Computer: The Chinese Birthplace of Digital Earth

一九九八年一月三十一日，美国副总统戈尔在加利福尼亚科学中心发表题为《数字地球：二十一世纪认识我们这颗星球的方式》的演讲，描绘了一个可以把地球多分辨率、三维地装进计算机的宏大构想[s33][s31]。这个概念迅速传遍全球。中国政府高度敏感：一九九八年六月，时任国家主席江泽民在接见两院院士时强调“数字地球”的战略意义；中国科学院在呈送国务院的《关于“中国数字地球”发展战略的建议》中直言，数字地球不是单纯的科技工程项目，而是全局性战略发展目标[s31]。
郭华东站到了这场战略行动的前排。一九九九年十一月二十九日至十二月二日，中国科学院联合十九个部门和国内外机构在北京发起召开首届国际数字地球会议，来自二十七个国家的五百余名代表出席，国务院副总理李岚清致开幕辞，中科院院长路甬祥任大会主席，郭华东任大会秘书长[s14][s31][s43]。会议通过了数字地球领域第一个纲领性文件《1999数字地球北京宣言》，并决定每两年举办一届国际会议——这是世界上第一个以数字地球为主题的国际会议，拉开了数字地球全球发展的序幕[s14][s31]。会议期间有记者问他什么是数字地球，他留下一个广为流传的科普定义：“从我的观点来讲，‘数字地球’就是把地球装进计算机！”[s6]
为了让概念落地，郭华东主持研制“数字地球原型系统”（DEPS/CAS）。这是中国第一个数字地球原型系统，集成海量数据存储计算、可视化呈现与时空过程动态模拟能力，被联合国环境署专家评价为“代表了其在全球数字地球领域中的领导地位，为国际科学与工程领域特别是空间信息技术与应用作出了具有里程碑意义的贡献”[s14][s31]。该成果获二〇〇八年北京市科学技术奖（排名第一）[s23]。在此基础上研发的国际上第一个数字地球科学平台，具备PB级在线数据服务能力，集成一百五十余种可视化模型与算法，获二〇一四年联合国“全球脉动”（Global Pulse）奖，是全球四十余个国家参选团队中九个获奖团队之一[s31]。
比系统更具长远影响的是组织与制度建设。为持续推动数字地球，中国科学院二〇〇二年向国务院提交成立国际组织的请示并获批；二〇〇四年七月，国际数字地球学会（ISDE）在民政部正式注册；二〇〇六年五月在北京召开成立大会暨首届执委会会议，首任主席为路甬祥院士，郭华东任秘书长，学会总部设在中国科学院[s14][s31]。这是一个由中国科学家发起、总部常驻中国的国际学术组织，此后陆续在十六个国家主办十三届国际数字地球会议和九届数字地球峰会，发布《1999北京宣言》《2009北京宣言》《2019佛罗伦萨宣言》等里程碑文件[s14][s31]。二〇一五年至二〇一九年郭华东出任学会主席，二〇一九年十月起任终身名誉主席；他同时担任国际数字地球学会中国国家委员会主席[s5][s15][s47]。尤其值得一提的是，ISDE是中国发起的国际组织中第一个加入国际科学理事会（ISC）的科技组织，被视为中国创建有影响力国际组织、开展科技外交的重要示范[s31]。
学术阵地同样由中国人一手创办。二〇〇八年三月，郭华东创刊《国际数字地球学报》（International Journal of Digital Earth）并任主编，期刊依托中科院对地观测与数字地球科学中心、与泰勒弗朗西斯集团合作出版，创刊仅一年多即被SCI收录，影响因子在全球遥感类期刊中迅速攀升[s14][s42]。二〇一七年，全球第一本地球科学大数据期刊《地球大数据》（Big Earth Data）创刊，他出任主编[s42][s33]。二〇一九年十一月，他与国际地理信息科学泰斗古德柴尔德（Michael Goodchild）、欧盟联合研究中心安诺尼（Alessandro Annoni）共同主编的全球首部《数字地球手册》（Manual of Digital Earth）由施普林格出版，十八个国家一百多位作者历时三年撰写、共二十六章，系统总结数字地球理论、方法、技术与应用，成为这一学科的奠基性著作[s32][s42]。
数字地球在中国的落地，始终与国家信息化进程同频。从“数字中国”战略到各地数字城市、数字流域、数字灾害系统的建设，郭华东团队的原型系统和平台提供了核心技术支撑；他反复强调，数字地球不是供人观赏的三维沙盘，而是要解决资源、环境、灾害、城市管理中的真问题[s31][s33]。在他看来，判断一个数字地球系统成败的标准只有一条：决策者和一线部门用不用、好不好用[s29]。
戈尔后来访华，郭华东去接机，戈尔对他说：没想到我们没实现的事情，中国实现了[s29]。这句感慨的背后，是中国科技界一次罕见的“概念接力”：数字地球的构想诞生于美国，却在中国被组织成会议、学会、期刊、系统、平台一整套建制化力量，并一步步从“把地球装进计算机”的可视化愿景，演进为以地球大数据为核心驱动、融合天地空观测与人工智能的研究新范式[s15][s33]。郭华东常说，期刊、学会、大会，谁来主导、谁来控制很重要；而今天，数字地球学会的秘书处在北京，《国际数字地球学报》在中国——在某种程度上，中国在引领着数字地球的发展[s29]。一个学科的话语权，归根到底是由做出关键系统、提出核心概念、掌握学术阵地的人定义的；中国科学家在数字地球领域完成的，正是这样一次从跟跑到领跑的角色转换[s14][s47]。

**English:** The concept of Digital Earth was first articulated in a speech by former U.S. Vice President Al Gore in 1998.[s33] In the audience of the international remote-sensing community, Guo Huadong recognized at once that this vision--which still hovered in the realm of concept--aligned precisely with the technological trajectory he had been pursuing for two decades.[s29][s6] China responded with exceptional sensitivity and speed. When President Jiang Zemin received academicians of the CAS and the Chinese Academy of Engineering, he emphasized the strategic significance of Digital Earth. The CAS promptly submitted to the State Council a proposal titled On the Strategy for the Development of Digital Earth in China, and Guo Huadong found himself at the front rank of this strategic undertaking.[s33][s31]

In November 1999, the first International Symposium on Digital Earth was convened in Beijing, jointly initiated by the CAS and nineteen government departments. More than 500 representatives from 27 countries attended. Vice Premier Li Lanqing delivered the opening address; CAS Academician Lu Yongxiang served as chairman; Guo Huadong served as secretary-general of the conference. The meeting adopted the world's first programmatic document on Digital Earth: the 1999 Beijing Declaration on Digital Earth. At the symposium, Guo Huadong offered a formulation that would become the discipline's most widely cited popular-science definition: "If you ask me what Digital Earth is, my answer is this: putting the real Earth into my computer--that is Digital Earth."[s14][s6]

The significance of that conference extended far beyond the academic realm. For the first time, China had convened an international scientific meeting of such scale around a concept that would reshape how the planet was observed, understood and managed. The Beijing Declaration laid out a vision of Digital Earth as a virtual representation of the planet constructed from massive, multi-resolution, multi-temporal Earth observation and socioeconomic data--a system integrating all natural and social systems within a geographical framework for research and applications.[s43]

In the years that followed, Guo Huadong continued to lay the groundwork for a permanent international organization. He built consensus step by step through academic workshops, winning over scholars from Europe, America and Australia. The concept of Digital Earth, which in 1998 had existed only as a speech, was now taking on tangible form in Chinese laboratories.[s31]

In May 2006, the founding ceremony of the International Society for Digital Earth (ISDE) was formally held in Beijing. Academician Lu Yongxiang served as founding president; Guo Huadong served as founding secretary-general. The ISDE Secretariat was hosted by the CAS--an arrangement that placed the operational hub of an international science organization on Chinese soil for the first time.[s31] In 2008 Guo Huadong founded the International Journal of Digital Earth and served as editor-in-chief (it was accepted into the Science Citation Index the very next year, becoming the flagship international journal in the Digital Earth field). In 2017 he launched Big Earth Data, the world's first big-data journal in the Earth sciences. In 2019, together with Michael Goodchild and Alessandro Annoni, he co-edited the world's first Manual of Digital Earth, published by Springer, with more than 100 authors from 18 countries contributing 26 chapters.[s42][s32]

ISDE developed rapidly. It was admitted as a member of the Group on Earth Observations (GEO) in 2009; in January 2017 it was accepted by the International Council for Science (ICSU) as a member of the International Scientific Associates, becoming one of only 24 such members worldwide. It was the first international science organization initiated by China to gain admission to the ISC.[s14][s31][s5]

The Digital Earth prototype system itself was a testament to the shift from concept to reality. Guo Huadong presided over the development of China's first Digital Earth prototype system, which was evaluated by a United Nations Environment Programme expert as a milestone contribution. When foreign delegations visited the demonstration center in Beijing and saw the system running in real time, the reaction was often the same: astonishment that China had moved from concept to operational capability faster than the countries where the idea originated. At the first International Symposium on Digital Earth, when foreign colleagues saw the prototype, they had to concede: "We never imagined that what we failed to achieve, China has realized."[s29][s31]

In 2014 the Digital Earth Science Platform won the United Nations Global Pulse award, further validating the approach. It was one of only nine winning teams selected from more than 40 countries worldwide. The platform possesses PB-scale online data-service capability and integrates more than 150 visualization models and algorithms--a mark of Digital Earth's transition from concept to service.[s31] Guo Huadong's vision had always been to move Digital Earth from a metaphor to a tool--from a vivid image for popular-science communication to an operational platform capable of supporting real decisions about resource management, disaster response and sustainable development. His work on the Digital Earth initiative, documented in the CAS Bulletin and in numerous academic forums, established China as a leading force in this emerging discipline.[s15][s47][s23]

### 5. 唤醒沉睡的数据：地球大数据与CASEarth工程 / Awakening Dormant Data: Big Earth Data and the CASEarth Program

二〇一四年初，郭华东在自己主编的《国际数字地球学报》上撰写社论，把“数字地球”进一步解读为“地球大数据”（Big Earth Data）。这个认识很快得到国内外同行认可[s6]。在他看来，各国卫星、飞机每时每刻都在获取海量地球数据，“但是人类有效利用的不过一、二成。我们要做的，就是唤醒沉睡的数据，避免重要发现从浩瀚的数据库中流失……我们要在数据的海洋里破浪而行，从数据中寻找科学发现！”[s6] 地球大数据是具有空间属性的地球科学领域大数据，既有海量、多源、异构、多时相、多尺度的大数据共性，又有很强的时空关联和物理关联，成为认识地球的“新钥匙”和地球科学发展的“新引擎”[s33][s26]。
理念需要工程承载。二〇一八年，中国科学院启动A类战略性先导科技专项“地球大数据科学工程”（CASEarth），郭华东任负责人[s4][s26]。专项联合国内数十家科研机构、高校和企业，构建了全球首个SDG大数据平台，建设地球大数据科学工程数据共享服务系统，首批即向社会发布5PB数据，并以每年约3PB的速度持续更新[s26][s34]。平台突破统一地理框架空间可视化、空间数据分析与模拟等关键技术，集成一百五十余种可视化模型与算法，具备PB级在线数据服务能力；到二〇二五年，这一地球大数据科学平台已服务一百七十四个国家和地区[s31][s2]。郭华东还主编《地球大数据科学工程数据共享蓝皮书》，推动数据共享的标准化与制度化[s33]。
CASEarth的科学视野远不止于数据汇集。作为国家自然科学基金重大项目“地球宏观科学现象的月基观测研究”负责人，郭华东系统提出月基对地观测的宏大构想[s4][s37]。他论证，把遥感观测平台部署到月球具有四大独特优势：月球可提供跨越亿年的超长时序观测，而人造卫星寿命仅有数年；月球视角能够一次性完成地球半球全域成像，省去传统卫星漫长的全球覆盖周期；月球地质活动趋于沉寂，是稳定可靠的观测基座；当日、地、月处于一条直线时，地月引力引发固体地球潮汐，若在月球部署观测系统捕捉地球形变，有望发现人类尚未知晓的全新科学现象[s37]。他还提出全球变化科学卫星概念，规划森林生物卫星、冰川卫星等系列，通过专用卫星实现对地球关键圈层的系统性监测；月基对地观测与全球变化科学卫星概念均获国家立项支持[s24][s45]。他明确反对科幻作品中“炸毁月球”的想象，主张做月球的捍卫者——把月球开发成观测地球的平台，才是空间遥感的未来方向[s20][s37]。
在学科战略层面，他持续为国家对地观测体系谋划方向。他把合成孔径雷达遥感六十年划分为单波段单极化、多波段多极化、极化与干涉、以及以双多站/星座观测、高时序高分宽幅、三维结构成像为标志的新阶段，并提出面向应用的SAR信息一体化处理新概念，带领团队在目标识别、海冰分类、地表形变监测等方向取得突破[s21]。他担任航空遥感系统国家大科学工程首席科学家（二〇〇九至二〇一三年）和国家重点基础研究发展计划（973）项目“空间观测全球变化敏感因子的机理与方法”首席科学家，把新型航空观测平台与全球变化研究紧密结合[s23][s24]。
CASEarth还把“共享”二字刻进了工程基因。专项建成的数据共享服务系统面向全球用户开放，首批发布的5PB数据涵盖生物多样性、生态系统、大气、海洋、冰冻圈等领域；郭华东坚持“数据生产出来就应该流动起来”，要求团队把数据发布、用户服务、论文配套做成刚性任务，而不是等项目验收时才整理归档[s26][s34]。他主编的《地球大数据科学工程数据共享蓝皮书》，把数据汇交、分级分类、共享协议、伦理规范等问题逐一制度化，为国内科学数据管理提供了范本[s33]。在国际上，他推动地球大数据成为联合国可持续发展、气候变化、防灾减灾等议程的重要支撑，地球大数据平台的海外用户中相当比例来自数据能力薄弱的发展中国家[s2][s28]。
大数据的真正价值，在郭华东看来要落到“数据—信息—决策支持”的转化链条上。他强调“大数据若停留在实验室，便失去了意义”，团队通过卫星和地面观测网连续追踪约二十项全球SDG指标，从极地冰盖消融与海平面上升的关联，到亚马孙雨林生物多样性变化，再到亚洲城市扩张对农田的侵蚀，让数据不仅揭示问题，更指明解决方向[s28]。二〇一四年他在《中国科学院院刊》撰文提出“科学大数据是国家大数据战略的基石”，系统阐述大数据时代中国的科学数据战略[s33]。他还把视野投向方法变革：地球大数据不仅改变研究的尺度和精度，更催生数据密集型的地球科学新范式，人工智能与大数据的结合将使“从数据到规律”的发现成为常态——这一判断比“AI for Science”热潮的到来早了将近十年[s28][s33]。从“把地球装进计算机”到“唤醒沉睡的数据”，郭华东推动数字地球完成了一次范式升级——而这次升级，很快在联合国可持续发展的全球议程中找到了最广阔的试验场。

**English:** If Digital Earth provided the conceptual framework, Big Earth Data supplied the fuel. Guo Huadong first articulated the concept of Big Earth Data in 2014, defining it as Digital Earth in the era of big data.[s33] Big Earth Data refers to Earth-science big data with spatial attributes: it possesses the characteristics of massive volume, multi-source heterogeneity, multi-temporality and multi-scality common to all big data, while also exhibiting strong spatiotemporal and physical correlations--making it a new key for understanding the Earth and a new engine for Earth-science development.[s33][s26]

In 2018 the CAS launched Earth Big Data Science (CASEarth) as an A-class strategic pilot science-and-technology program, with Guo Huadong as principal investigator.[s26] The program brought together dozens of domestic institutions to build the world's first SDG big-data platform and Big Earth Data science platform. The initial release comprised 5 petabytes of shared data, with annual updates of approximately 3 PB. The platform possesses PB-scale online data-service capability, integrates more than 150 visualization models and algorithms, and by 2025 was serving 174 countries and regions.[s26][s34][s2]

The program's components address national demands related to global strategies, the 2030 Agenda, the Belt and Road Initiative and the Global Development Initiative. They include CASEarth Small Satellites, a Big Data and Cloud Service Platform, the Digital Belt and Road initiative, Beautiful China, Biodiversity and Ecological Security, a Three-Dimensional Information Ocean, a Spatio-temporal Three-Pole Environment module, and a Digital Earth Science Platform.[s4] This comprehensive architecture reflects Guo Huadong's long-held conviction that Earth observation must serve not only science but governance, development and the well-being of people around the world.

The program also supported the development of SDGSAT-1, the monitoring and assessment of SDG indicators, and the implementation of related international initiatives. Guo Huadong simultaneously presided over a major project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China on moon-based observation of Earth macro scientific phenomena, proposing the concept of deploying an observation platform on the Moon to achieve ultra-long time-series, hemisphere-wide imaging--moon-based Earth observation--and proposing the concept of a global-change science satellite; both concepts received national project approval.[s37][s45]

The Big Earth Data platform's significance lies not merely in its scale but in its architecture. Traditional Earth-science data is fragmented across agencies, countries and disciplines, with incompatible formats, standards and access policies. CASEarth's ambition was to build a unified platform that could ingest, integrate and serve data from every conceivable source--satellite imagery, ground-station observations, socioeconomic statistics, social-media feeds--while maintaining scientific rigor and quality control. The technical challenge was enormous: at the petabyte scale, even basic operations such as querying, subsetting and visualization required entirely new computational approaches. The team developed a cloud-based architecture with PB-scale online data-service capability, integrating more than 150 visualization models and algorithms.[s26][s34][s2]

The platform's most visible output has been the annual series of reports: Big Earth Data in Support of the Sustainable Development Goals. These reports use Big Earth Data to monitor and assess United Nations SDG indicators, producing a wealth of data products and decision-support conclusions: global 30-meter forest-cover data; the finding that China's urban greening contributed 28 percent of the world's significantly greened areas; and the assessment that nearly half of China's environment-related SDG indicators had already met their targets ahead of schedule.[s26][s2]

The underlying philosophy is captured in Guo Huadong's call to action: "Satellites and aircraft the world over are acquiring vast quantities of Earth data every moment, yet humanity effectively utilizes only one or two tenths of it. What we must do is awaken the dormant data and surge forward through the ocean of data, finding scientific discovery in the data!"[s6] That formulation--part scientific manifesto, part poetic vision--captures the ethos that has driven the entire CASEarth enterprise.

Guo Huadong summarized the significance of this work as using data to fill the gap in global SDG monitoring--where more than half of all indicators lack data--with particular emphasis on helping developing countries with weak data capabilities.[s28] He has also proposed the concept of data sharing as a core principle: data sharing is not a choice but a responsibility--a stance that has animated his entire career, from the early days of fighting for access to European satellite data to the present, when China's own satellite data flows freely to 174 nations.[s20][s31][s21][s24][s23][s45]

### 6. 为地球造一颗星：SDGSAT-1与可持续发展大数据中心 / Building a Satellite for the Earth: SDGSAT-1 and the International Center for Big Earth Data Science

二〇一五年九月，联合国发展峰会通过《变革我们的世界：二〇三〇年可持续发展议程》，一百九十三个成员国承诺落实十七项可持续发展目标（SDGs）和一百六十九项具体目标[s26][s10]。但议程落地面临一个严峻瓶颈：数据。全球可持续发展目标指标数据库显示，仅有少数几项目标的数据覆盖超过百分之八十的国家，大部分目标存在严重时间滞后；约百分之四十五的指标既有方法又有数据，百分之三十九有方法无数据，百分之十六既无统一方法也无数据[s8][s27]。郭华东判断：“数据创新是解决上述缺口、加速实现可持续发展目标的关键。”[s8] 而空间观测，正是最高效的数据获取手段之一。
中国为此拿出了实打实的行动。二〇二一年九月，可持续发展大数据国际研究中心（CBAS）在北京正式成立，这是全球首个以大数据服务联合国二〇三〇年议程的国际科研机构，定位为可持续发展科学研究中心、数据信息服务与技术创新中心、全球可持续发展高端智库和人才培养培训中心，郭华东任主任；国家主席习近平向中心成立大会暨二〇二一年可持续发展大数据国际论坛致贺信[s9][s26]。中心成为中国统筹地球大数据服务SDGs的国际枢纽。
旗舰成果是一颗卫星。二〇二一年十一月五日十时十九分，全球首颗专门服务联合国二〇三〇年议程的科学卫星——可持续发展科学卫星1号（SDGSAT-1，又称“广目”地球科学卫星）在太原卫星发射中心由长征六号运载火箭发射升空，顺利进入预定轨道[s7][s39]。它是中国科学院首颗地球科学卫星，由“地球大数据科学工程”先导专项立项研制、纳入空间科学先导专项工程管理，郭华东任首席科学家；中科院国家空间科学中心抓总工程，微小卫星创新研究院研制卫星，上海技物所、长春光机所、空天信息创新研究院研制载荷，团队仅用约三年就完成全部研制[s7][s10]。
这颗星的独特之处，在于郭华东提出的“人类活动痕迹精细刻画”空间观测理念[s1][s9]。以往气象、资源、环境、海洋卫星的观测对象都是自然现象，而SDGSAT-1要观测的是人类活动与地表相互作用留下的痕迹[s9]。卫星搭载热红外、微光、多谱段成像仪三个有效载荷：热红外成像仪拥有当时全国最高的三十米空间分辨率、三百公里量级幅宽，可分辨零点二摄氏度的温度差异；微光载荷是国际首个高分辨率夜光遥感载荷，能精确识别城市次干路乃至小区灯光分布，还可探测城市夜间颗粒物浓度；多谱段载荷分辨率十米，适合海岸带与近海环境探测[s8][s10]。三载荷“热红外+多谱段”“热红外+微光”协同，实现全天时昼夜连续探测，对“光—热—谱”等与人类密切相关的地物参量进行系统性监测[s1]。二〇二一年十二月二十日，首批影像在北京发布，北京中轴线上的鸟巢、水立方清晰可辨，亮马河的灯光勾勒出城市脉络[s10][s20]。
郭华东为这颗星定下一条铁律：数据面向全球无偿开放共享[s7]。截至二〇二六年，已有一百一十六个联合国成员国常态化使用这颗中国卫星的数据，开创了可持续发展指标探测新途径和国产卫星数据全球服务新模式；围绕卫星应用发表学术论文数百篇，支撑发布联合国报告十余份[s1][s45]。二〇二四年九月六日，CBAS发布全球首部遥感热红外影像图集，收录全球一百一十八个不同区域的十类地物景观[s10]。卫星数据还在人道主义议题上展现出独特力量：二〇二三年十月，SDGSAT-1夜光影像清晰记录了加沙地带断电后夜晚从灯火通明陷入几乎完全黑暗的剧变；二〇二五年二月，影像又印证了泰缅边境妙瓦底电诈园区在联合打击后夜间灯光显著降低[s10]。从监测城市扩张、非法排污，到追踪极地冰雪、古长城与古河道遗迹，这颗“广目”星成了人类审视自身发展轨迹的太空哨兵[s9][s8]。
卫星的中文别名“广目”，取自佛教“广目天王”——能以清净天眼观察世界、护持人民；郭华东和团队希望这颗星也能“广目”天下，用数据看清地球的变化、看清人类活动的痕迹[s10][s7]。这一命名寄托了中国科学家对空间技术伦理底色的理解：观测不是为了窥探与控制，而是为了守护与警醒。卫星数据发布后，联合国可持续发展目标技术促进机制、联合国环境规划署、联合国人居署等机构先后将其纳入应用，多国科学家利用这些数据开展城市热岛、能源贫困、海岸带生态等研究[s9][s1]。
在郭华东的规划里，SDGSAT-1只是系列可持续发展科学卫星的首发星，后续星座将进一步提升时间分辨率与观测维度，与地球大数据平台、SDG大模型共同构成“卫星—数据—智能”一体化的可持续发展监测体系[s7][s36]。他期望通过全球数据资源的有效获取和共享共用，“为缩减全球可持续发展不平衡和区域间的数字鸿沟做出贡献”[s7]。一颗卫星的升空，标志着中国在全球可持续发展监测中从数据使用者、方法跟随者，转变为数据提供者和规则参与者——这正是空间技术领域“大国担当”最具体的注脚[s8]。

**English:** On November 5, 2021, SDGSAT-1--also known as the Guangmu Earth science satellite--was launched from the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center atop a Long March 6 rocket. It is the world's first scientific satellite dedicated to serving the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and the CAS's first Earth-science satellite. Guo Huadong served as chief scientist.[s7][s10]

The satellite was developed under the CASEarth pilot program and planned by CBAS, the International Center of Excellence in Big Earth Data Science for Sustainable Development. Its defining characteristic is the concept Guo Huadong proposed: fine mapping of the imprints of human activity. Where previous satellites observed natural phenomena, SDGSAT-1 specifically observes the traces of human interaction with the Earth's surface.[s1][s9] The satellite carries three imaging instruments: a thermal-infrared payload with 30-meter resolution and a 300-kilometer swath width, capable of resolving temperature differences of 0.2 degrees Celsius; a low-light payload--the world's first high-resolution nighttime-light remote-sensing instrument; and a multi-spectral payload with 10-meter resolution. The three instruments conduct all-time-of-day coordinated observation of light-heat-spectrum parameters.[s8][s10]

The genesis of SDGSAT-1 can be traced to a realization Guo Huadong had in the mid-2010s: while dozens of Earth-observation satellites orbited the planet, none was designed specifically to monitor the Sustainable Development Goals. Existing satellites measured atmospheric composition, ocean temperature, land cover change and a host of other variables, but the indicators adopted by the United Nations in 2015 required a different kind of observation--one that could capture the fine imprints of human activity on the Earth's surface, the interplay between urbanization and environmental change, the spread of electric lighting as a proxy for economic development, and the thermal signatures of industrial activity.[s20][s26]

The technical challenge was substantial. The thermal-infrared payload needed to achieve 30-meter resolution with a 300-kilometer swath--parameters that had never before been combined in a single instrument. The low-light payload, the first of its kind at high resolution, required the development of new detector technologies. And the multi-spectral payload, operating at 10-meter resolution, needed to provide complementary data that, combined with the thermal and low-light channels, would enable a holistic view of human activity on the Earth's surface.[s8][s10]

Satellite data has been made freely available worldwide. By 2026, all 116 United Nations member states had accessed the data, supporting the publication of more than a dozen UN reports.[s1][s45] Its imagery recorded the sudden extinguishing of nighttime lights over the Gaza Strip following the power cutoff in 2023 and the dimming of lights at scam-compound complexes in Myawaddy along the Thailand-Myanmar border in 2025--humanitarian issues brought to light through space observation. In September 2024, the world's first remote-sensing thermal-infrared image atlas was published.[s10]

The academic output surrounding SDGSAT-1 has been substantial: hundreds of papers have been published based on its data, and more than a dozen United Nations reports have drawn on its findings.[s1][s45] The satellite has also enabled new forms of scientific analysis. For example, by combining the thermal-infrared and low-light channels, researchers have been able to map the energy efficiency of urban areas, identify unauthorized industrial activity, and track the effectiveness of environmental regulations in near real-time. These capabilities represent a significant advance in the ability of the international community to monitor progress toward the SDGs.[s36][s27]

The broader significance of SDGSAT-1 lies in its demonstration effect. A satellite conceived by a scientist who, decades earlier, was analyzing European satellite data by oil lamp in a Xinjiang tent has now become a platform that provides free data to the entire world. The arc from data scarcity to data abundance, from purchasing information to providing it freely, encapsulates the broader trajectory of Chinese remote sensing--and of Guo Huadong's own career.[s20][s26] The 2019 SDG report was listed as one of four official documents for China's participation in the 74th session of the UN General Assembly and one of two documents for the UN SDG Summit; by 2025, seven consecutive annual reports had been published in full on the United Nations website and the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs website.[s27][s26] This body of work, underpinned by SDGSAT-1 data and the broader CASEarth platform, has established China as a leading provider of global public goods in the field of sustainable development.[s39]

### 7. 报告登上联合国：地球大数据支撑可持续发展目标 / Reports Reaching the United Nations: Big Earth Data in Support of the Sustainable Development Goals

从二〇一九年起，每年九月联合国大会召开前后，一份来自中国的蓝色封面报告都会如期出现在纽约：《地球大数据支撑可持续发展目标报告》。这是由可持续发展大数据国际研究中心和中科院“地球大数据科学工程”专项组织撰写、郭华东牵头的年度系列报告，也是中国科学家持续以科技支撑联合国二〇三〇年议程的标志性行动[s25][s27]。
首份报告起点极高。二〇一九年，《地球大数据支撑可持续发展目标报告（2019）》被列为中国政府参加第七十四届联合国大会的四个正式文件之一、联合国可持续发展目标峰会的两个文件之一，为国际社会填补数据和方法论空白提供了新视角、新支撑[s26][s27]。报告围绕零饥饿、清洁饮水、可持续城市、水下生物、陆地生物等目标开展典型案例研究，用自主生产的全球三十米分辨率森林覆盖数据等产品，定量回答“地球状况究竟如何”[s27]。二〇二〇年九月二十六日，报告在减贫与南南合作高级别视频会议期间由中国国家领导人发布[s26]。
此后报告一年一台阶。二〇二二年报告聚焦零饥饿、清洁饮水、清洁能源、可持续城市、气候行动、水下生物、陆地生物七个目标的二十五个具体目标，形成四十二个典型案例，贡献三十一套数据产品、二十一种方法模型和三十三项决策支持；报告评估二〇一〇至二〇二一年中国五十六项环境类SDG指标，发现近一半环境类指标已提前实现目标[s25]。郭华东团队的研究还给出一系列醒目结论：中国以全球百分之十九的城市建成区面积贡献了全球百分之二十八的城市显著变绿区域，城市增绿受益人口约占全球百分之四十七；二〇一五至二〇二〇年中国农田耕层土壤有机碳增加百分之三点四；二〇二一年中国可再生能源装机和发电量分别是二〇一五年的二点一二倍和一点七九倍[s25]。到二〇二五年，团队已连续七年完成七部报告，报告被联合国官网和中国外交部网站全文登载[s2]。
支撑这套报告的，是郭华东在联合国机制中的深度参与。二〇一八年，他被联合国秘书长任命为联合国可持续发展目标技术促进机制（TFM）十人专家组成员，任期至二〇二一年，直接参与全球科技促进可持续发展的高层咨询[s5][s45]。技术促进机制由联合国跨机构任务组与十人专家组、多利益攸关方协作论坛和网上平台三部分组成，是联合国凝聚科技界智慧支持SDGs的核心制度安排[s27]。他还长期担任国际灾害风险综合研究计划（IRDR）科学委员会成员及IRDR中国委员会主席、国际科学理事会相关职务，把中国科学家的判断带入全球减灾与可持续发展的决策圈[s4][s24]。
国际认可随之而来。二〇二一年十月，郭华东获颁首届国际科学理事会科学奖（可持续发展科学奖），这是ISC在全球可持续发展领域授予的顶级科学荣誉[s3][s1]。二〇二二年十二月，他当选国际科学理事会会士[s3]。他的团队则把报告机制延伸为多边平台：二〇一九年创办“可持续发展大数据国际论坛”（FBAS），每年九月汇聚全球科学家、政策制定者和企业代表；二〇二二年论坛发布的《北京宣言》被国际科学理事会和世界科学院全文转载，成为跨国科技合作的里程碑，宣言中“数据共享不是选择，而是责任”一句广为流传[s28]。
报告的背后是一支跨国团队的年复一年。每年春节后，郭华东就组织上百位科研人员分头攻关：从数据生产、指标计算到案例撰写、英文翻译，每一章都要经过多轮评审；他要求所有结论必须有数据支撑、所有数据必须可追溯、可复现，宁可少写一条，也不写没有把握的判断[s25][s27]。二〇二三年的报告更进一步，在发布评估结论的同时公开全部数据产品和方法模型，把“给结论”变成“给工具”，方便各国研究者直接复用[s2][s28]。报告在联合国场合的反响超出预期：多位联合国高级官员在大会发言中引用报告数据，一些国家的常驻代表团专门索要报告全文，发展中国家代表尤其关注中国如何用遥感和大数据低成本完成SDG监测[s27][s2]。
在郭华东看来，地球大数据服务SDGs有四条路径：生产新数据集以提高监测指标覆盖范围、提供更及时数据以重构时间序列、产出时空分辨率更精细的监测结果、以及为跨国界可持续发展问题提供科学实证[s26]。他坦言现状曾令人悲观——土地退化、生物多样性丧失、城市无序扩张如同一张张考卷，但“悲观不是科研应有的态度，科学家必须直面现实”[s28]。而中国答案的底气在于：二〇二三年对九十二项环境类SDG指标的中期评估显示，百分之五十二已提前实现二〇三〇年目标[s28]。他特别强调，中国的经验对广大发展中国家具有可借鉴性——同样面临数据缺口、同样需要低成本监测手段，“中国能做到的，其他发展中国家通过合作也有机会做到”[s26][s2]。数据不仅是监测工具，更是发展中国家“换道超车”的杠杆——中国把报告、卫星、平台整体作为全球公共产品推出，打破的是少数国家对全球可持续发展数据话语权的垄断，提供的是一条可复制、可共享、可共同参与的新路径，这正是系列报告最深的用意所在。

**English:** The annual report series Big Earth Data in Support of the Sustainable Development Goals represents one of the most ambitious efforts to apply Earth-observation science to global policy monitoring ever undertaken.[s25] Organized by CBAS and the CASEarth program under Guo Huadong's direction, the reports use Big Earth Data to monitor and assess United Nations SDG indicators, providing data-driven evidence for policymakers around the world.[s26][s2]

The 2019 report--the first in the series--was listed as one of four official documents for China's participation in the 74th session of the United Nations General Assembly and one of two documents for the UN SDG Summit. This was an extraordinary achievement: a scientific report produced by a Chinese research team had become an official document of the world's most important intergovernmental body.[s27] The 2020 report was released by China's head of state at a high-level video conference on poverty reduction and South-South cooperation, further elevating the profile of the series.[s26]

By 2025, seven consecutive annual reports had been completed and published in full on the United Nations website and the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs website.[s2] The reports produced a wealth of data products and decision-support conclusions. Among the most striking findings: global 30-meter forest-cover data that provided unprecedented detail on changes in the world's forests; the discovery that China's urban greening efforts contributed 28 percent of the world's significantly greened areas; and the assessment that nearly half of China's environment-related SDG indicators had already met their targets ahead of schedule.[s27][s25]

The reports' significance extends far beyond China. They provide a methodology and data infrastructure that developing countries--many of which lack the capacity to monitor SDG indicators independently--can use to track their own progress. Guo Huadong has described this work as using data to fill the gap in global SDG monitoring, where more than half of all indicators lack adequate data, with particular emphasis on helping developing countries with weak statistical capabilities.[s28] The principle of data sharing as responsibility, rather than choice, animates every page of these reports.[s2]

The intellectual architecture of the report series reflects the broader evolution of Guo Huadong's career. From the early days of mineral exploration in Xinjiang, when the lack of domestic satellite data meant dependence on European purchases, to the present, when Chinese satellite data flows freely to 116 nations, the arc has been one of progressive empowerment--first of China's own scientific community, and then of the global community as a whole.[s26] The reports represent the culmination of decades of work building the institutional and technical infrastructure needed to transform raw satellite data into actionable policy intelligence.[s3][s4]

Guo Huadong's role in this enterprise has been that of chief architect and chief advocate. As a CAS academician and research professor at the Aerospace Information Research Institute, he has brought to bear the full weight of his institutional authority and scientific reputation on the task of making Big Earth Data a recognized tool for global governance.[s5][s45] His conviction that data sharing is a responsibility, not a choice, has been the guiding principle of the report series from its inception, and it is this conviction that has enabled the reports to gain the trust of the international community and the recognition of the United Nations.[s28][s1][s24]

### 8. 数字丝路与科技外交：中国发起的国际科学网络 / The Digital Silk Road and Science Diplomacy: An International Science Network Initiated by China

二〇一三年“一带一路”倡议提出后，郭华东敏锐意识到：沿线六十五国、四十六亿人口的广袤区域，地形地貌复杂、资源分布不均、灾害风险高发，无论是基础设施建设还是可持续发展，都必须预先掌握“一带一路”的数据家底[s34]。二〇一六年五月十六日，他以“丝路认知——更快、更准、更广”为主题在北京主持召开“一带一路”空间认知国际会议，正式发起“数字丝路”国际科学计划（Digital Belt and Road Program，DBAR）[s13]。这是由中国科学家倡议发起、面向“一带一路”区域的大型国际研究计划，旨在通过共享数据、技术和知识，推动地球大数据在区域可持续发展中的科学服务，服务联合国二〇三〇年议程[s12][s13]。
DBAR按十年三期规划推进：二〇一六至二〇一八年组队伍、建机制、建平台；二〇一九至二〇二二年启动重点研究项目；二〇二三至二〇二六年全面建成“一带一路”地球大数据平台[s13]。计划围绕农业与粮食安全、气候与环境、灾害风险、自然与文化遗产、城市与基础设施、水资源与水安全、海岸带与海洋、高山与极地寒区八大领域设立九个国际科学工作组，并在全球布局国际卓越中心[s11][s12]。二〇一七年第二届数字丝路国际会议在香港召开，《DBAR科学规划书》向全球发布，其论证编撰涉及二十六个国家和十余个国际组织的三百余位专家[s13]。到二〇二三年第七届会议时，成员已由最初的二十六个增至五十九个国家和国际组织，建成九个国际卓越中心，形成国际性网络和多元化伙伴关系[s11]。
卓越中心把能力建设落到了发展中国家。二〇一八年二月，DBAR首个国际卓越中心在泰国曼谷成立，由泰国国家研究委员会牵头，面向东南亚开展气候变化与灾害风险合作研究[s13]；二〇二三年一月，DBAR与加纳能源与自然资源大学签署备忘录，设立苏尼亚尼国际卓越中心，利用地球大数据促进西非水、能源、土地和公共卫生发展[s12]。中国科学院“地球大数据科学工程”专项专门支持DBAR实施，并依托怀柔科学城建设国际地球大数据科学中心，为计划长期实施奠定基础[s13]。
DBAR最富传奇色彩的成果之一在非洲。二〇一八年四月，DBAR世界遗产工作组联合突尼斯、意大利、巴基斯坦科学家，利用空间考古技术在丝绸之路西端的突尼斯发现十处古罗马时期考古遗存——这是中国科学家利用空间技术在中国境外首次发现考古遗址[s13]。空间考古正是郭华东深耕二十余年的方向：早在二〇〇一年他就担任中国科学院、教育部、国家文物局遥感考古联合实验室主任；二〇一一年，经中国政府与联合国教科文组织共同推动、国务院批准，依托团队成立联合国教科文组织国际自然与文化遗产空间技术中心（HIST），这是全球首个基于空间技术保护名录遗产的UNESCO二类中心，郭华东任主任[s3][s35]。团队在国际上率先提出“空间考古学”（Space Archaeology）理念，在国内外新发现考古遗址二十多处，成果在全球四十九个国家和中国四十一处遗产地推广；二〇二五年，他牵头完成的“自然与文化遗产空间观测关键技术与应用”项目获二〇二四年度自然资源科技进步奖一等奖，IUCN总干事评价其“提升了中国在世界遗产保护领域的全球领导力”[s35]。
郭华东织就的国际科学网络远不止DBAR。二〇〇八年，他发起并主持全球环境变化遥感对比研究计划（ABCC），任主席[s45][s23]；二〇一〇年至二〇一四年，他担任国际科联（ICSU）国际科技数据委员会（CODATA）主席，是这一国际数据科学重要组织的首位中国掌舵人[s5][s4]；二〇一七年十二月至二〇二〇年四月，他担任国际环境遥感委员会主席[s5]；二〇一三年起任中国科学院—发展中国家科学院空间减灾卓越中心（CAS-TWAS CoE）主任[s5]。他主导创建国际数字地球学会、HIST等国际组织和机构，发起DBAR、ABCC等国际科学计划，形成了一套以我为主、开放包容的国际科技合作矩阵[s45]。
HIST的工作同样把中国技术带到世界遗产现场：团队利用遥感监测长城、丝绸之路、大运河等大型线性遗产的保存状况，为柬埔寨吴哥古迹、非洲自然遗产地提供空间技术支持，还在巴基斯坦、突尼斯等地开展遗产识别与风险评估，相关成果被联合国教科文组织多次引用[s35][s13]。郭华东常说，遗产是全人类的共同记忆，而空间技术能让这些记忆在城镇化、气候变化和灾害威胁下被更完整地留住[s35]。
这套矩阵的实质是科学外交。当DBAR会议在北京召开，联合国驻华协调员、教科文组织代表、非洲环境遥感学会主席、巴基斯坦地理学会主席与中国官员同台致辞时，空间技术已经成为南南合作和南北对话的通用语言[s11]。郭华东对此有清醒的定位：DBAR要围绕全球发展倡议，为“一带一路”国家提供全方位的数据服务、科技支撑、人才培养和智库支持，成为推动全球发展倡议的坚实科技平台[s11]。他总结科技合作的心得时说，国际组织和国际计划不能靠“挂牌子”，要靠实实在在的共同项目、共享数据和共同发表的成果把伙伴留住；先做出对方需要的东西，信任自然会来[s13][s5]。在全球环境治理规则长期由发达国家主导、南北数据鸿沟依然深重的格局下，一个发展中大国用自己的卫星、数据和平台为五十九个伙伴提供公共产品，这本身就是对“共同但有区别的责任”原则最具建设性的实践[s48]。

**English:** In May 2016, Guo Huadong proposed the Digital Belt and Road (DBAR) international science program, a large-scale initiative designed to share data, technology and knowledge to advance the application of Big Earth Data for sustainable development in Belt and Road regions, serving the United Nations 2030 Agenda.[s13][s11] The program was structured to unfold over ten years in three phases. Nine international scientific working groups were established, covering agriculture and food security, climate and environment, disaster risk, natural and cultural heritage, urban environments, water resources, coastal and marine zones, high mountains and polar regions. Membership grew from an initial 26 to 59 countries and international organizations, and nine international centers of excellence were established in locations including Bangkok, Thailand and Sunyani, Ghana.[s11][s12]

Among its most emblematic achievements: in 2018, Chinese scientists collaborating with colleagues from Tunisia, Italy and Pakistan used space-archaeology techniques to discover ten archaeological sites from the ancient Roman period in Tunisia--the first time Chinese scientists had used space technology to discover archaeological sites on foreign soil.[s13] DBAR is supported by the CAS CASEarth program and operates in synergy with platforms including the UNESCO International Center on Space Technologies for Natural and Cultural Heritage (HIST), directed by Guo Huadong, and the CAS-TWAS Center of Excellence for Space Disaster Reduction, forming the core network of Chinese science and technology serving the Belt and Road Initiative and the Global Development Initiative.[s35][s11]

The significance of DBAR extends beyond its scientific outputs. It represents a model of international scientific cooperation in which China provides the platform, the data and the technical infrastructure, while partners from developing countries gain access to tools and training that would otherwise be unavailable. The nine international centers of excellence serve as regional hubs for data processing, capacity building and technology transfer. The program's emphasis on open data and knowledge sharing aligns with Guo Huadong's core conviction that data sharing is not a choice but a responsibility--a principle that has animated his entire career, from the early days of fighting for access to European satellite data to the present, when China's own satellite data flows freely to 116 nations.[s4][s5]

DBAR's institutional architecture is noteworthy. The program operates through a Science Committee as its highest authority, supported by a Secretariat based at CBAS. Working Groups are collaborative networks committed to planning, organizing and reporting research in their specific domains, while Task Forces focus on time-bound research challenges. International Centers of Excellence promote academic exchange and facilitate data sharing. This governance structure reflects Guo Huadong's experience in building institutions--from the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications to ISDE to CBAS--and his belief that sustainable scientific cooperation requires durable institutional frameworks, not merely ad hoc project partnerships.[s34][s45]

The program has also served as a vehicle for science diplomacy. By bringing together scientists from countries that may have limited bilateral relations with China, DBAR has created channels of scientific exchange that transcend political differences. The shared language of Earth observation--satellite data, algorithms, maps--provides a neutral ground on which scientists from diverse backgrounds can collaborate on problems of common concern: food security, disaster risk, water management, climate change.[s23] This is science diplomacy in its most practical form: not abstract declarations of cooperation but concrete joint research projects that produce tangible benefits for participating countries.[s48]

Looking back at the full arc of Guo Huadong's international engagement--from ISDE to DBAR to the UNESCO HIST center to the SDG report series--a pattern emerges. At every stage, he has sought to build institutions that outlast individual projects and personal careers. ISDE, now two decades old, continues to convene the global Digital Earth community. DBAR, barely a decade in, already spans 59 countries and organizations. The UNESCO HIST center, established in 2011, has become the global reference point for space technology applied to heritage conservation. And the annual SDG reports, now in their seventh year, have become an indispensable resource for policymakers worldwide. Each institution is a node in a network of influence that extends from the laboratories of the Aerospace Information Research Institute to the assembly halls of the United Nations.[s3][s45]

### 9. 只有爱得深，才能做得好：师承、团队与远方 / "Only When You Love Deeply Can You Do Well": Mentorship, Teams and the Road Ahead

郭华东一生敬重两个人：父亲和导师陈述彭。父亲让他相信读书可以改变命运，陈述彭则让他看到科学家应当如何治学、如何待人、如何把个人命运与国家需求绑在一起[s6]。二〇〇八年汶川地震期间，八十八岁高龄的陈述彭数次到对地观测中心实验室指导灾情遥感，亲自为《汶川地震遥感灾害图集》分析都江堰工程的作用，还以“米翁”为笔名绘制汶川地震素描图——那是先生见诸出版物的最后作品；同年十一月陈述彭逝世，郭华东写下《永远的导师》长文追忆，字里行间是“师恩浩荡”[s30]。先生当年在中心筹备会上“一定要一边建设、一边抓科研，一分钟也不能耽搁”的嘱托，成为他后来做事的节奏[s30]。
他把这份师承传递给了下一代。截至二〇二〇年，郭华东先后培养博士后、博士生、硕士生及国外进修生二十六名，并在中国科学院大学长期讲授“遥感物理”“遥感科学”“对地观测系统技术进展”等课程[s3][s5]。他带领的团队从遥感应用研究所到对地观测与数字地球科学中心，再到遥感与数字地球研究所、空天信息创新研究院、可持续发展大数据国际研究中心，一路生长为中国地球信息科学的人才重镇；张兵、陈方、梁栋、邱玉宝、贾立等一批中青年骨干在DBAR、SDGSAT-1、CASEarth等平台上担当重任[s11][s12][s15]。需要说明的是，常被外界并称的周成虎院士一九八四年毕业于南京大学、在中国科学院地理研究所获硕士和博士学位，二〇一三年当选中科院地学部院士，是地理信息系统领域的领军学者，与郭华东是同领域的合作伙伴而非师生，本档案特此辨正[s38]。
在社会职务上，他同样把科学家的判断力带入国家决策。作为第十二届全国政协委员，二〇一九年全国两会他带来“科技创新促进可持续发展目标实现”的提案，建议国家建立科技创新促进SDGs实现的机制，包括成立国家专家委员会、形成年度会议机制，让科技产出既服务联合国决策、也服务国家决策——“中国的事情做好了，也将服务全球”[s34]。他还担任国家大数据专家委员会顾问等职，为数字中国建设提供咨询[s4]。
荣誉在晚年密集而至，但他没有停下脚步。二〇〇九年获亚洲遥感协会恩德兰巴里亚金质奖、被澳大利亚科廷大学授予名誉科学博士；二〇一五年获俄罗斯地理学会普热瓦尔斯基金质奖章；二〇一六年获俄罗斯宇航联合会荣誉勋章、当选俄罗斯科学院外籍院士；二〇一七年当选芬兰科学与人文院外籍院士；二〇二〇年获第二届全国创新争先奖和何梁何利基金科学与技术进步奖（地球科学奖）；二〇二一年获首届国际科学理事会科学奖；二〇二二年当选国际科学理事会会士[s3][s40]。加上二〇一一年当选中国科学院院士（地学部）、二〇一二年当选发展中国家科学院院士，他集齐了中、俄、芬兰及发展中国家科学院等多顶学术桂冠[s3][s38]。二〇二六年五月，国际宇航联合会主席致信，正式授予他二〇二六年度IAF“名人堂”奖，颁奖典礼于十月九日在土耳其安塔利亚国际宇航大会闭幕式举行[s1]。
面对人工智能新浪潮，七十五岁后的郭华东依然站在前沿。二〇二六年八月，他在科学智能大会上宣布，可持续发展大数据国际研究中心已研制成功“灵息”可持续发展目标大模型；由中心联合三十五个国际机构和组织发起的数字可持续发展国际科学计划（DSP）已获联合国教科文组织批准，目标是建成可持续发展科学智能体系，通过“全球观测看见变化、地球大数据形成证据、科学智能连接知识与模型、数字孪生推演未来路径”，揭示全球可持续发展演化规律[s36]。DSP的“星云智慧”框架——建设卫星星座实现分钟级监测、升级SDG大数据平台打破数据孤岛、开发全球首个SDG大模型、聚焦碳中和等六大方向——已吸引二十九个国家五十二个机构参与[s28][s36]。他强调：“科学智能不是给可持续发展‘贴工具’，而是进入复杂系统科学发现、因果认知、计算实验与路径推演过程。”[s36] 二〇二五年，中国科协发布《数字地球支撑可持续发展目标倡议》，呼吁以数字地球、大数据和人工智能融合促进全球可持续发展，正是这一技术路线在国家层面的回响[s41]。
生活中的郭华东简朴而专注。他常年保持着看影像、读文献的习惯，出差途中包里总带着论文和资料；对学生，他要求严格却又处处提携，论文逐字逐句修改，国际会议机会尽量让给年轻人，常说“年轻人走向世界，中国的遥感才有未来”[s6][s15]。他带出的学生中不少已成为卫星载荷、雷达遥感、地球大数据等方向的学术带头人，而“国家需求牵引、国际前沿定位、开放共享做事”的风格在这一支支团队中延续[s5][s15]。
近半个世纪过去，那个在冶金部礼堂被一场报告点亮的年轻人，已成了在国际论坛上为地球把脉的科学组织者。有人问他为何能一辈子保持热情，他说：“当你立志做一个科研人员，把科学作为一生事业的时候，你可以三天不出门、一个星期做一个实验。有这种精神，然后就有了信念，就有了坚守——只有爱得深，才能做得好，并在这个领域勇往直前地不懈追求。”[s2] 他办公室墙上没有什么豪言壮语，堆满的是干旱土地、消融冰川和璀璨城市群的卫星影像[s2]。那双从江苏丰县田野里抬起的眼睛，最终望向了整个地球。

**English:** Guo Huadong often says: "We live on this Earth--how do we contribute to her healthy development? That is the mission of us remote-sensing people."[s2] That question, deceptively simple, has animated every phase of his career--from the gold-bearing quartz veins of Altay to the nighttime-light imagery of Gaza, from the Three-Step Remote Sensing Mineral Exploration to the Big Earth Data platform serving 174 nations.

When he speaks of his vocation, the language he uses is strikingly personal: "When you resolve to become a scientist, to make science your life's work, you can go three days without leaving the house, a week to complete a single experiment. With that kind of spirit comes conviction, and with conviction comes perseverance--only when you love deeply can you do well."[s2] That formulation--only when you love deeply can you do well--is not the sentimentality of a retirement speech; it is the distillation of a working life spent in tent laboratories on the Gobi, in airborne remote-sensing aircraft above earthquake zones, and in international conference rooms where the fate of data-sharing agreements was decided.

His mentor Chen Shupeng's injunction--Be a sponge, not a steel ball--remains his governing metaphor. The sponge absorbs broadly and remains open; the steel ball bounces and collides. In science, as in life, Guo Huadong's instinct has always been to absorb--to take in data from every source, to listen to every collaborator, to draw lessons from every setback. That openness is visible in the cross-disciplinary training he received as a young scholar, in the way he built teams at every stage of his career, and in the international networks he cultivated with patience and consistency over four decades.[s30][s6]

The trajectory from the Gobi to the United Nations is not, in Guo Huadong's telling, a story of personal triumph. It is a story of a discipline growing up--from a blank sheet of paper in the 1970s to a global network in the 2020s; of a nation building capacity--from purchasing satellite data to launching its own sustainable-development satellite; and of an idea evolving from metaphor to operational reality--from putting the Earth into a computer to a constellation of platforms, satellites and reports that serve the entire planet.

He has spoken of awakening dormant data and surging forward through the ocean of data, finding scientific discovery within.[s6] That formulation--part scientific manifesto, part poetic vision--captures the ethos that has driven him from the first day he sat in the auditorium of the Ministry of Metallurgical Industry and realized that remote sensing could do so much for the country. The data, in his telling, is not inert; it sleeps, waiting to be awakened. And the scientist's task is not merely to collect it but to breathe life into it--to transform raw pixels into decisions that save lives, protect heritage, monitor sustainability and illuminate the human condition.

Looking ahead, Guo Huadong's forward-looking initiatives include the International Digital Sustainability Science Program and the Lingxi SDG large language model, integrating artificial intelligence with Earth observation to accelerate progress toward the 2030 Agenda.[s36] The moon-based observation platform he proposed--deploying sensors on the lunar surface to achieve ultra-long time-series, hemisphere-wide imaging of the Earth--remains a bold conceptual frontier, one that extends the logic of remote sensing to its ultimate physical extreme. His contributions to the Digital Belt and Road and to the broader architecture of international science cooperation continue to evolve, with new centers of excellence and new working groups extending the network's reach.[s11][s12]

The honors he has received reflect the breadth of his impact. At home, he has been recognized as a National Advanced Worker and a National Expert with Outstanding Contributions in Middle Age and Youth, and has received the Ho Leung Ho Lee Foundation Prize for Science and Technology Progress.[s3][s40] Abroad, he has been elected a fellow of the International Science Council and received the International Astronautical Federation Hall of Fame Award.[s1][s5] Yet for Guo Huadong, these accolades are secondary to the work itself. His mentor Chen Shupeng, who first opened his eyes to the possibilities of remote sensing, taught him that scholarship must both reach the sky and penetrate the ground--and that is precisely what he has spent his career doing: reaching toward the international frontier while solving China's own problems.[s30]

From the Gobi Desert to the Moon: the arc of Guo Huadong's career traces the full trajectory of China's Earth-observation enterprise, from nothing to world-leading, from following to pioneering. At seventy-five, with the Hall of Fame award from the International Astronautical Federation awaiting him in Antalya, he stands as perhaps the single most emblematic figure of Chinese remote sensing--a man who took a discipline from a blank page and made it a window through which the entire world can see itself more clearly. The principle of data sharing as responsibility, the commitment to awakening dormant data, and the vision of Digital Earth as a tool for sustainable development--these are the threads that bind his life's work together, from the first quartz vein in Altay to the latest image from SDGSAT-1.[s4][s28][s34][s15][s41][s38]

## 卷尾 Editorial Conclusion

郭华东留下的第一层遗产，是一套自主的对地观测技术体系。从雷达遥感机理到卫星地面站网，从航空遥感到灾害应急响应，这套体系在四十年间从近乎空白走到世界前列。它的价值在灾难面前被反复检验——每一次地震、每一次洪涝，都让这套体系变得更成熟、更快速。从"临时集中、主动找需求"到"不用召唤、自觉到岗"，一套国家级的空间应急机制被一仗一仗打了出来。

第二层遗产，是一个关于"科技如何服务人类"的范式。数字地球从概念变成运行系统，地球大数据从实验室走向联合国大会的正式文件，可持续发展卫星的数据向一百多个成员国无偿开放——这条路径证明：真正的科技影响力，不在于论文数量或技术指标，而在于能否把一国的观测能力转化为全球的公共产品。"数据共享不是选择，而是责任"，这句话道出的，是中国科技外交最朴素也最有力的逻辑。

当然，这条路上也有未竟之处。国际科学合作始终面临地缘政治的张力，数据开放的深度与广度仍有提升空间，从"能用"到"好用"的最后一公里仍然漫长。但郭华东用近五十年的工作，确立了一个基本框架：对地观测不仅是技术能力，更是人类认知自身生存状况的基础设施；科技外交不仅是国家利益的延伸，更是科学家对"我们怎样为地球的健康贡献力量"这一命题的回答。

从新疆帐篷里就着油灯分析从欧洲买来的卫星数据，到主持研制面向全人类的可持续发展卫星——这条弧线的长度，就是一个科学家一生的工作。档案可以定稿，而那颗太空中的"天眼"，仍在日夜俯瞰我们共同的地球。

——亚洲封面人物总编辑部

In October 2026, the Hall of Fame award ceremony of the International Astronautical Federation will be held in Antalya, Turkey. This prize, bestowed for pioneering and lifelong contributions to the advancement of global space endeavor, places Guo Huadong's name alongside landmark figures in the history of world astronautics.[s1] The selection committee singled out SDGSAT-1, the satellite he presided over developing: a satellite conceived on the Chinese scientific community's notion of fine mapping of the imprints of human activity, its data made freely available worldwide, already supporting hundreds of academic papers and more than a dozen United Nations reports.[s1][s45] For a man who forty-two years earlier was still analyzing satellite data purchased from Europe by oil lamp in a tent in Xinjiang, this letter from Paris carries resonant weight.[s20][s2]

What Guo Huadong leaves behind is, first, an autonomous observation system. He devoted years to the physics of radar Earth observation, contributing to the approval of China's first radar satellite; he served as commander-in-chief of the satellite ground-station network and chief scientist of the national airborne remote-sensing mega-science project, driving the linkage of ground stations at Miyun, Kashgar, Sanya, Lijiang and Mohe into a network that placed China's remote-sensing data-reception capability among the world's leading tier.[s45][s20][s23] The value of that system was tested again and again in moments of catastrophe. In Wenchuan, obtaining the first aerial image of the disaster zone took two days; in Yushu, data was acquired within eight hours and disaster reports filed within twenty-four; in Lushan, the remote-sensing aircraft took off 108 minutes after the quake and produced maps within three hours--the very aerial imagery hung at the State Council premier's emergency response meeting for earthquake relief.[s17][s18] From ad hoc concentration and proactively seeking out relief needs to no summons needed and reporting for duty as a matter of course, a national spatial-emergency mechanism was forged campaign by campaign.[s17]

What he leaves behind is, moreover, a paradigm for how science and technology can serve humanity. The Digital Earth prototype system was described by a United Nations Environment Programme expert as a milestone contribution; the Digital Earth Science Platform won the 2014 United Nations Global Pulse award; the Big Earth Data science platform now serves 174 countries and regions, and seven annual reports have been published in full on the United Nations website and the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs website.[s31][s2] The Digital Belt and Road initiative has grown from 26 members to 59 countries and international organizations and established 9 international centers of excellence; Chinese scientists even used space-archaeology techniques to discover ten sites from the ancient Roman period in Tunisia--the first time Chinese scientists had used space technology to find archaeological sites on foreign soil.[s11][s13] When the nighttime-light imagery from SDGSAT-1 clearly showed the blackout over the Gaza Strip after power was cut and the dimming of lights at scam-compound complexes along the Thailand-Myanmar border, space technology had become a mirror in which humanity can observe its own condition.[s10]

He often says that data sharing is not a choice but a responsibility.[s28] Those words express the most elemental and powerful logic of Chinese science diplomacy: genuine major-power responsibility does not mean locking data in a safe; it means turning Earth-observation capabilities usable by all 116 nations into a global public good. From the popular-science metaphor of putting the Earth into a computer to the scientific manifesto of awakening dormant data and surging forward through the ocean of data, finding scientific discovery within, to the forward-looking layout of the International Digital Sustainability Science Program and the Lingxi SDG large model, Guo Huadong has always been doing the same thing: ensuring that the celestial eye in orbit looks not only toward China's mines and disaster zones but toward the health and future of the entire Earth.[s6][s36][s2] The archive can be finalized, but the guardian who watches over the Earth still gazes between looking upward and gazing downward.

## 金句 Pull Quote

> 我们生活在地球上，怎么为她的健康发展贡献力量？这是我们遥感人的使命。

> "We live on this Earth--how do we contribute to her healthy development? That is the mission of us remote-sensing people."

## 履历时间线 Career Timeline

- **1950-10-06** 出生于江苏丰县 / Born in Feng County, Jiangsu
  - 郭华东出生于江苏省徐州地区丰县（今徐州市丰县，苏鲁豫皖四省交界、汉高祖刘邦故里）的一个教师家庭，父亲自上世纪四十年代起在家乡任教、长期担任县中学教导主任，家里六七个孩子中四人考上大学，读书上进的家风给他最早的熏陶[s6][s3]。
  - EN: Guo Huadong was born into a teacher's family in Feng County (at the junction of four provinces--Shandong, Jiangsu, Henan and Anhui, the ancestral home of Emperor Gaozu of Han). His father had taught since the 1940s and long served as dean of the county middle school; of six or seven children, four entered universities. The family's emphasis on education provided his earliest intellectual formation.[s6][s3]
- **1973-09** 进入南京大学学习 / Enters Nanjing University
  - 他进入南京大学地球科学系学习矿床地质；那是国家急需矿产资源的年代，一批地质、矿产专业毕业生被安排研习遥感新技术，他由此接触合成孔径雷达，地质与雷达的交叉训练成为他日后“遥感找矿”的独特本钱[s6][s23]。
  - EN: He entered the Department of Earth Sciences at Nanjing University to study mineral-deposit geology. In an era when the nation urgently needed mineral resources, a batch of graduates was assigned to learn remote-sensing new technologies; he was sent to the CAS to study synthetic aperture radar. The cross-disciplinary training in geology and radar became his unique foundation for remote-sensing mineral exploration.[s6][s23]
- **1977-02** 南大毕业进入中科院 / Graduates; joins CAS institutes
  - 他从南京大学地球科学系毕业，先后在中国科学院南海海洋研究所、电子研究所工作：在南海海洋所随船出海接触海洋遥感，在电子所系统钻研当时国内尚属陌生的合成孔径雷达技术，地质学的地学功底与雷达技术的工科训练在他身上交汇[s3][s5]。
  - EN: He graduated from Nanjing University and worked successively at the CAS South China Sea Institute of Oceanology (where he went to sea and encountered ocean remote sensing) and the CAS Institute of Electronics (where he systematically studied synthetic aperture radar technology then unfamiliar in China). His geological expertise and radar-engineering training converged.[s3][s5]
- **1977-07** 聆听陈述彭报告立志遥感 / Attends Chen Shupeng lecture; commits to remote sensing
  - 他在冶金部礼堂拿到一张报告入场券，主讲人是刚率中国遥感代表团出访归来、被誉为“中国遥感之父”的陈述彭；他被“遥感能服务国民经济这么多领域”深深震撼，连夜写信表达投师愿望，次日即收到“欢迎报考”回信[s6][s30]。
  - EN: At the Auditorium of the Ministry of Metallurgical Industry he attended a lecture by Chen Shupeng, the father of Chinese remote sensing, freshly returned from leading a delegation abroad. Deeply moved by the revelation that remote sensing could serve so many sectors of the national economy, he wrote to Chen that very night expressing his wish to study under him; the next day he received a reply: "You are welcome to take the entrance examination!"[s6][s30]
- **1978-10** 考入中科院研究生院师从陈述彭 / Enters CAS Graduate School under Chen Shupeng
  - 他成为“文革”后恢复研究生招生的首批研究生，师从陈述彭攻读微波遥感；陈述彭又请电子学专家陈宗骘、地理学家郑威任副导师，让他兼受电子学与地理学两方面的严格交叉训练，毕业答辩由地质学家张文佑主持[s30][s5]。
  - EN: He became one of the first graduate students enrolled after the restoration of postgraduate admissions following the Cultural Revolution, studying microwave remote sensing under Chen Shupeng. Chen arranged for electronics expert Chen Zongzhi and geographer Zheng Wei to serve as co-advisors, giving him rigorous cross-disciplinary training in both electronics and geography; the thesis defense was chaired by geology doyen Zhang Wenyu.[s30][s5]
- **1981-11** 获硕士学位进入遥感所 / Earns master's degree; joins Institute of Remote Sensing
  - 他获中国科学院研究生院地图学与遥感专业硕士学位，进入中国科学院遥感应用研究所工作，从研究室副主任起步，此后三十余年在遥感所、对地观测中心、空天院一路成长，终身没有离开遥感对地观测这条主线[s5][s23]。
  - EN: He received a master's degree in cartography and remote sensing from the CAS Graduate School and joined the CAS Institute of Remote Sensing Applications. Starting as deputy division director, he would spend the next three decades at the Institute of Remote Sensing, the Center for Earth Observation, and AIRCAS, never departing the main line of remote sensing and Earth observation.[s5][s23]
- **1984-01** 赴美国进修雷达遥感 / Visiting scholar at Oregon State University
  - 他赴美国俄勒冈州立大学进修雷达遥感一年，系统学习合成孔径雷达信号处理与地物散射机理，也近距离看到美国把航天飞机雷达、地面散射计与野外观测串成完整研究链，深切体会中国缺乏自主遥感数据源、只能购买欧洲二手数据的被动[s3][s20]。
  - EN: He went to Oregon State University for a year of advanced study in radar remote sensing, systematically learning SAR signal processing and ground-target scattering mechanisms. He saw firsthand how American colleagues linked space-shuttle radar, ground scatterometers and field observations into a complete research chain, and felt acutely the disadvantage of China lacking its own remote-sensing data source, forced to purchase second-hand data from Europe.[s3][s20]
- **1985** 率队赴阿勒泰开展遥感找矿 / Leads Altay mineral exploration campaign
  - 国家“七五”重大科技攻关、以“加速查明新疆矿产资源”为核心的“305”项目启动，他提出遥感找矿设想并率七个研究所四十六位专家赴新疆阿勒泰，白天野外踏勘采样、晚上帐篷里判读影像，历时五年探索“遥感找矿三部曲”[s2][s20]。
  - EN: When the national 305 project launched under the Seventh Five-Year Plan, he proposed using remote sensing for mineral exploration and led 46 experts from seven institutes into the Altay Mountains of Xinjiang. By day they conducted field surveys; by night they interpreted imagery in tents. Over five years they forged the Three-Step Remote Sensing Mineral Exploration methodology.[s2][s20]
- **1986-12** 中国遥感卫星地面站建成 / China Remote Sensing Satellite Ground Station completed
  - 由邓小平题名的中国遥感卫星地面站在北京密云建成运行，中国遥感数据接收能力实现从零到有的突破；此后喀什、三亚、丽江、漠河站相继建成，站网覆盖全国及亚洲约百分之七十陆地区域，郭华东后来担任地面站网总指挥[s20][s45]。
  - EN: The China Remote Sensing Satellite Ground Station, named by Deng Xiaoping, was completed at Miyun, Beijing. China's remote-sensing data-reception capability went from nothing to existence. Subsequently Kashgar, Sanya, Lijiang and Mohe stations were built; the network came to cover roughly 70 percent of Asia's land area. Guo Huadong later served as commander-in-chief of the ground-station network.[s20][s45]
- **1990** 遥感找矿成果连获国家和院级奖励 / Mineral exploration results win national and CAS awards
  - 阿勒泰五年勘探共圈定14个成矿有利地带和靶区，在恰奔布拉克发现292条石英脉、46条含金，探明金矿18.8吨工业储量、70吨远景储量；成果先后获1990年中科院科技进步一等奖（排名第一）和1991年国家科技进步三等奖（排名第一）[s23][s20]。
  - EN: Five years of exploration delineated 14 prospective zones. At Qiabenbulake, 292 quartz veins were found including 46 gold-bearing, confirming 18.8 tonnes of industrial gold reserves and 70 tonnes of prospective reserves. Results won the 1990 CAS Scientific and Technological Progress First Prize (first-ranked) and the 1991 National Scientific and Technological Progress Third Prize (first-ranked).[s23][s20]
- **1994-04** SIR-C/X-SAR中国试验取得突破 / SIR-C/X-SAR China experiment breakthrough
  - 美国航天飞机成像雷达SIR-C/X-SAR执行十三国合作对地观测计划，他被NASA聘为科学工作组成员和全球52位首席科学家之一，并入选SRTM计划；他组织航天—航空—地面同步观测，定量证实L波段雷达对干沙的穿透性，发现沙下古水系与昆仑山五个未知火山口[s21][s22]。
  - EN: NASA's SIR-C/X-SAR executed a 13-country cooperative Earth-observation program. He was appointed a science-team member and one of 52 principal investigators worldwide, also joining the SRTM program. He organized space-airborne-ground synchronous observation, quantitatively confirmed L-band radar penetration through dry sand, and discovered ancient water systems beneath the sand and five unknown volcanic craters in the Kunlun Mountains.[s21][s22]
- **1997-04** 出任遥感应用研究所所长 / Becomes director of Institute of Remote Sensing Applications
  - 他任中国科学院遥感应用研究所所长（至2002年），此前曾任研究室副主任、副所长、常务副所长；同期任遥感信息科学重点实验室主任、国家遥感中心研究发展部主任、国家遥感应用工程技术研究中心首届主任，并任国家863计划308主题专家组组长[s3][s23]。
  - EN: He became director of the CAS Institute of Remote Sensing Applications, serving until 2002, after having served as deputy division director, deputy director and executive deputy director. He concurrently directed the Open Research Laboratory of Remote Sensing Information Science, served as R&D department director of the National Remote Sensing Center, and became the first director of the National Engineering Technology Research Center for Remote Sensing Applications, also heading the National 863 Program Theme 308 expert panel.[s3][s23]
- **1998-01** 戈尔提出数字地球概念 / Gore articulates Digital Earth concept
  - 美国副总统戈尔发表《数字地球：二十一世纪认识我们这颗星球的方式》演讲；中国高度敏感、迅速响应，江泽民在接见两院院士时强调其战略意义，中科院向国务院提交《关于“中国数字地球”发展战略的建议》，郭华东站到了这场战略行动的前排[s33][s31]。
  - EN: U.S. Vice President Al Gore delivered the speech Digital Earth: Understanding Our Planet in the 21st Century. China responded with high sensitivity: President Jiang Zemin emphasized its strategic significance when receiving academicians; the CAS submitted to the State Council a proposal on the strategy for Digital Earth in China. Guo Huadong stepped to the front rank of this strategic undertaking.[s33][s31]
- **1999-11** 首届国际数字地球会议在北京召开 / First International Digital Earth Conference in Beijing
  - 中国科学院联合十九个部门在北京发起召开首届国际数字地球会议，27国500余名代表出席，李岚清致开幕辞、路甬祥任主席，郭华东任大会秘书长；会议通过世界首个数字地球纲领性文件《1999数字地球北京宣言》，他以“把地球装进计算机”通俗解释数字地球[s14][s6]。
  - EN: The CAS jointly with 19 departments convened the first International Symposium on Digital Earth in Beijing. Over 500 representatives from 27 countries attended; Vice Premier Li Lanqing delivered the opening address; Lu Yongxiang served as chairman; Guo Huadong served as secretary-general. The meeting adopted the world's first Digital Earth programmatic document, the 1999 Beijing Declaration on Digital Earth. He defined Digital Earth in popular terms: "Putting the Earth into a computer."[s14][s6]
- **2002-02** 任中国科学院副秘书长 / Appointed CAS deputy secretary-general
  - 他出任中国科学院副秘书长（至2008年），在更高层面参与国家对地观测与空间科学的战略布局；任内他继续推动数字地球建制化，中科院于2002年向国务院提交成立国际数字地球组织的请示并获批[s5][s14]。
  - EN: He became deputy secretary-general of the CAS, serving until 2008, participating in national strategic planning for Earth observation and space science at a higher level. During his tenure he continued to advance the institutionalization of Digital Earth; in 2002 the CAS submitted to the State Council a request to establish an international Digital Earth organization, which was approved.[s5][s14]
- **2006-05** 国际数字地球学会在北京成立 / ISDE founded in Beijing
  - 国际数字地球学会（ISDE）在北京召开成立大会，路甬祥任创始主席，郭华东任秘书长，学会总部设在中国科学院；这是由中国科学家发起、总部常驻中国的国际学术组织，也是中国发起的国际组织中首个加入国际科学理事会的科技组织[s14][s31]。
  - EN: The International Society for Digital Earth (ISDE) held its founding ceremony in Beijing. Lu Yongxiang served as founding president; Guo Huadong as secretary-general. The Secretariat was hosted by the CAS. This was the first international academic organization initiated by Chinese scientists with headquarters permanently in China, and the first Chinese-initiated international science organization to join the International Science Council.[s14][s31]
- **2007-10** 任对地观测与数字地球科学中心主任 / Becomes director of Center for Earth Observation
  - 他出任中国科学院对地观测与数字地球科学中心主任，统筹密云、喀什卫星地面接收站和两架“奖状”高空航空遥感飞机两大国家科技基础设施；正是这两大设施，使他在半年后的汶川地震中能够震后两分钟即启动应急调度[s3][s5][s16]。
  - EN: He became director of the CAS Center for Earth Observation and Digital Earth Science, overseeing the two major national scientific-infrastructure platforms: the Miyun and Kashgar satellite ground-receiving stations and two Citation high-altitude airborne remote-sensing aircraft. It was precisely these two assets that enabled him, half a year later, to initiate emergency response within two minutes of the Wenchuan earthquake.[s3][s5][s16]
- **2008-03** 创办《国际数字地球学报》 / Founds International Journal of Digital Earth
  - 他创刊《国际数字地球学报》（IJDE）并任主编，期刊依托对地观测中心与泰勒弗朗西斯集团合作出版，创刊仅一年多即被SCI收录，成为数字地球领域的旗舰国际期刊；2017年他又创办全球首本地球科学大数据期刊《Big Earth Data》[s14][s42]。
  - EN: He founded the International Journal of Digital Earth (IJDE) and became editor-in-chief, published jointly with Taylor & Francis. Within just over a year of launch it was accepted into the Science Citation Index, becoming the flagship international journal in the Digital Earth field. In 2017 he launched Big Earth Data, the world's first big-data journal in Earth sciences.[s14][s42]
- **2008-05-12** 震后两分钟启动汶川遥感应急 / Launches Wenchuan earthquake remote-sensing emergency
  - 汶川特大地震发生两分钟后，他紧急下达指令：收集震区灾前不同分辨率、不同传感器的卫星数据，安排未来几天过境卫星接收计划，做好航空遥感飞行准备；在道路塌方、通信全部中断的至暗时刻，遥感成为唯一能穿透阻隔“看见”灾区的眼睛[s16][s2]。
  - EN: Two minutes after the Wenchuan earthquake, he issued emergency orders: collect pre-disaster satellite data, arrange upcoming satellite reception plans, prepare airborne flights. With roads collapsed and all communications severed, remote sensing became the only eye that could see through the barriers into the disaster zone.[s16][s2]
- **2008-05-17** 发现“SOS700”信号救出700人 / Discovers SOS700 signal; rescues 700 people
  - 震后第五天深夜，值班的雷莉萍、刘良云研究员在影像中发现汶川县草坡乡小学屋顶用红布拼出的“SOS700”求救标识——被困8个村的700名村民；郭华东连夜组织核实上报，军用直升机随即飞赴现场，700名群众全部获救[s17][s29]。
  - EN: Late on the fifth day after the quake, researchers Lei Liping and Liu Liangyun discovered in the imagery the SOS700 distress signal on a primary school rooftop in Caopo Township--700 villagers from eight trapped villages. Guo Huadong organized verification and overnight reporting; military helicopters flew to Caopo and all 700 people were rescued.[s17][s29]
- **2009** 获亚洲遥感金奖与科廷大学名誉博士 / Receives AARS Gold Award and honorary doctorate
  - 他获亚洲遥感协会恩德兰巴里亚金质奖，并被澳大利亚科廷大学授予名誉科学博士学位；同年他发起并主持全球环境变化遥感对比研究计划（ABCC）并任主席，推动中国遥感研究以计划形式走向国际合作舞台[s3][s23]。
  - EN: He received the Asian Association of Remote Sensing Gold Award and was granted an honorary Doctor of Science by Curtin University of Australia. The same year he initiated and chaired the Global Environmental Change Remote Sensing Comparative Research Program (ABCC), taking Chinese remote sensing onto the international stage in programmatic form.[s3][s23]
- **2010-04-14** 玉树地震8小时完成数据获取 / Yushu earthquake: 8-hour data acquisition
  - 青海玉树7.1级地震后，团队8小时内完成航空遥感数据获取、24小时内上报灾情，两小时内传回250GB航空遥感数据，中国遥感救灾响应较汶川时的2天大幅提速，标志着应急机制从“临时集中”走向“自觉到岗”[s17][s46]。
  - EN: After the Qinghai Yushu 7.1-magnitude earthquake, the team completed airborne remote-sensing data acquisition within eight hours, filed disaster reports within 24 hours, and transmitted 250 GB of airborne data within two hours. China's disaster-remote-sensing response time dramatically improved from the two days required at Wenchuan, marking the shift from ad hoc concentration to standing readiness.[s17][s46]
- **2011-07** HIST成立并当选中科院院士 / HIST established; elected CAS academician
  - 依托团队的联合国教科文组织国际自然与文化遗产空间技术中心（HIST）成立，为全球首个基于空间技术保护名录遗产的UNESCO二类中心，他任主任；同年12月，他当选中国科学院院士（地学部）[s35][s38]。
  - EN: The UNESCO International Center on Space Technologies for Natural and Cultural Heritage (HIST) was established, the world's first UNESCO Category 2 center using space technology to protect heritage listings; he serves as director. In December of the same year he was elected an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Division of Earth Sciences).[s35][s38]
- **2013-04-20** 芦山地震2小时出图 / Lushan earthquake: 2-hour mapping
  - 四川芦山地震后，遥感飞机在震后108分钟即从绵阳起飞，3小时内完成1:10000航空影像图；这张图后来挂进国务院总理李克强主持的抗震救灾工作会议现场，中国灾害遥感响应由此进入“2小时”时代[s18][s44]。
  - EN: After the Sichuan Lushan earthquake, the remote-sensing aircraft took off from Mianyang just 108 minutes after the quake and produced a 1:10,000-scale aerial map within three hours. The map was subsequently hung at the State Council premier Li Keqiang's emergency earthquake-relief conference. China's disaster-remote-sensing response entered the two-hour era.[s18][s44]
- **2014** 数字地球科学平台获联合国“全球脉动”奖 / Digital Earth platform wins UN Global Pulse award
  - 他主持创建的国际上第一个数字地球科学平台获联合国“全球脉动”奖，为全球40余个国家参选团队中9个获奖团队之一；平台具备PB级在线数据服务能力，集成150余种可视化模型与算法，是数字地球从概念走向服务的标志[s31]。
  - EN: The world's first Digital Earth Science Platform, which he presided over creating, won the United Nations Global Pulse award--one of only nine winning teams selected from over 40 countries. The platform possesses PB-scale online data-service capability and integrates more than 150 visualization models and algorithms, marking Digital Earth's transition from concept to operational service.[s31]
- **2016-05** 发起“数字丝路”国际科学计划 / Launches Digital Belt and Road program
  - 他在北京主持“一带一路”空间认知国际会议，正式发起DBAR“数字丝路”国际科学计划，以地球大数据服务“一带一路”可持续发展；计划后发展至59个国家和国际组织、设立9个国际科学工作组、建成9个国际卓越中心[s13][s11]。
  - EN: He formally launched the DBAR international science program in Beijing, using Big Earth Data to serve Belt and Road sustainable development. The program subsequently grew to 59 countries and international organizations, established nine international scientific working groups, and built nine international centers of excellence.[s13][s11]
- **2018** 启动CASEarth并入选联合国十人专家组 / Launches CASEarth; joins UN expert group
  - 中科院A类战略性先导科技专项“地球大数据科学工程”（CASEarth）启动，他任负责人，专项首批发布5PB共享数据、建设全球首个SDG大数据平台；同年3月他被联合国秘书长任命为可持续发展目标技术促进机制（TFM）十人专家组成员[s26][s5]。
  - EN: The CAS A-class strategic pilot program Earth Big Data Science (CASEarth) was launched with him as principal investigator. The first batch released 5 PB of shared data and built the world's first SDG big-data platform. In March the same year, he was appointed by the UN secretary-general to the ten-member expert group for the Technology Facilitation Mechanism for the SDGs.[s26][s5]
- **2019-09** 首份SDG报告登上联合国大会 / First SDG report becomes UNGA official document
  - 《地球大数据支撑可持续发展目标报告（2019）》被列为中国参加第74届联大的4个正式文件之一、SDG峰会2个文件之一；同年11月全球首部《数字地球手册》由施普林格出版，他与古德柴尔德、安诺尼共同主编，18国100多位作者撰写26章[s27][s32]。
  - EN: The Big Earth Data in Support of the SDGs (2019) report was listed as one of four official documents for China's participation in the 74th UN General Assembly and one of two for the SDG Summit. In November the world's first Manual of Digital Earth was published by Springer, co-edited with Goodchild and Annoni, with 100-plus authors from 18 countries contributing 26 chapters.[s27][s32]
- **2021-11-05** SDGSAT-1发射成功 / SDGSAT-1 successfully launched
  - 全球首颗专门服务联合国2030议程的科学卫星、中科院首颗地球科学卫星SDGSAT-1（“广目”）在太原由长征六号火箭发射，他任首席科学家；同年9月可持续发展大数据国际研究中心（CBAS）成立、习近平致贺信，10月他获首届国际科学理事会科学奖[s7][s9][s1]。
  - EN: SDGSAT-1 (Guangmu), the world's first satellite dedicated to the UN 2030 Agenda and the CAS's first Earth-science satellite, was launched from Taiyuan by a Long March 6 rocket; he served as chief scientist. In September CBAS was established with a message of congratulations from President Xi Jinping. In October he received the inaugural ISC Science Award.[s7][s9][s1]
- **2026-05** 获国际宇航联合会“名人堂”奖 / Receives IAF Hall of Fame Award
  - 国际宇航联合会主席致信授予他2026年度IAF“名人堂”奖，表彰其毕生为全球航天事业作出的开创性、终身性贡献，颁奖典礼于10月9日在土耳其安塔利亚国际宇航大会闭幕式举行；截至此时SDGSAT-1数据已被116个联合国成员国使用[s1][s45]。
  - EN: The IAF president wrote to confer on him the 2026 Hall of Fame Award, recognizing his pioneering and lifelong contributions to global space endeavor. The ceremony will be held on October 9 at the International Astronautical Congress closing ceremony in Antalya, Turkey. By this time SDGSAT-1 data had been used by 116 UN member states.[s1][s45]

## 常问问答 FAQ

**Q1: 郭华东是谁？他在中国遥感领域处于什么地位？**

A: 郭华东是中国科学院院士、中国科学院空天信息创新研究院研究员，空间地球信息科学家、遥感与数字地球专家，1950年10月6日生于江苏丰县，1977年毕业于南京大学地球科学系，1981年获中国科学院研究生院硕士学位，师从“中国遥感之父”陈述彭[s3][s5][s30]。他长期从事遥感信息机理、雷达对地观测、数字地球与地球大数据研究，系统揭示雷达电磁波与典型地物相互作用机理，建立多源遥感找矿理论方法与重大地震灾情全天时全天候遥感观测体系，提出数字地球理论框架、全球变化科学卫星和月基对地观测概念，创建中国第一个数字地球原型系统和数字地球科学平台[s3][s23]。他是国际数字地球学会的创始秘书长、曾任主席、现任终身名誉主席，曾任国际科联科技数据委员会（CODATA）主席、国际环境遥感委员会主席，2018年被联合国秘书长任命为可持续发展目标技术促进机制十人专家组成员[s5][s14]。他主持中科院A类先导专项“地球大数据科学工程”，任可持续发展大数据国际研究中心主任、全球首颗SDG卫星SDGSAT-1首席科学家，2026年获国际宇航联合会“名人堂”奖[s1][s4][s7]。

**Q1 (EN): Who is Guo Huadong and what is his position in China's remote-sensing field?**

A: Guo Huadong, born October 1950 in Feng County, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, is an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and a research professor at the Aerospace Information Research Institute (AIRCAS). He is a specialist in remote sensing and Digital Earth. He graduated from Nanjing University in 1977 and earned a master's degree from the CAS Graduate School in 1981 under the mentorship of Academician Chen Shupeng, widely regarded as the father of Chinese remote sensing. He furthered his studies at Oregon State University from 1984 to 1985. He was elected a CAS academician in 2011. He is founding secretary-general and lifelong honorary president of the International Society for Digital Earth (ISDE), the first international science organization initiated by China to join the International Science Council.[s1][s3][s4][s5][s7][s14][s23][s30]

**Q2: 郭华东的籍贯和教育背景是怎样的？**

A: 郭华东1950年10月6日出生于江苏省徐州市丰县（隶属今徐州市）的一个教师家庭，父亲自上世纪四十年代起在家乡任教、长期担任县中学教导主任，读书上进的家风给他最早的熏陶[s3][s6]。他1964年至1969年就读于丰县中学，中学毕业时正值“文革”、学业一度中断；1973年进入南京大学地球科学系学习矿床地质，1977年2月毕业，毕业后先后在中国科学院南海海洋研究所、电子研究所工作，期间被安排学习当时国内尚属陌生的合成孔径雷达（SAR）技术[s3][s6][s23]。1977年7月他聆听“中国遥感之父”陈述彭的报告后深受感召，连夜投书表达投师愿望；1978年10月考入中国科学院研究生院（现中国科学院大学），成为陈述彭“文革”后首批研究生，攻读微波遥感，副导师为电子学专家陈宗骘和地理学家郑威，1981年11月获地图学与遥感专业硕士学位[s30][s5][s6]。1984年1月至1985年1月，他赴美国俄勒冈州立大学进修雷达遥感一年[s23]。需要指出，他是2011年12月当选中科院地学部院士（而非部分资料误传的信息技术科学部或2013年），其学术身份横跨地球科学与空间信息技术；2013年当选中科院地学部院士的周成虎是其同领域合作伙伴而非学生[s38][s3]。

**Q2 (EN): What is Guo Huadong's ancestral home and educational background?**

A: Guo Huadong was born in Feng County, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, at the junction of four provinces--Shandong, Jiangsu, Henan and Anhui--the ancestral home of Emperor Gaozu of the Han dynasty. He came from a family of teachers; his father served as dean of studies at the county middle school. In 1973 he entered Nanjing University's Department of Earth Sciences to study mineral-deposit geology. A batch of graduates was subsequently assigned to learn remote-sensing new technologies; he was sent to the CAS to study synthetic aperture radar. In 1978 he entered the CAS Graduate School as one of Academician Chen Shupeng's first post-Cultural Revolution graduate students, specializing in microwave remote sensing. Chen arranged for him to receive cross-disciplinary training in both electronics and geography, with the thesis defense chaired by geology doyen Zhang Wenyu. He earned his master's degree in 1981. He was elected a CAS academician in December 2011.[s3][s5][s6][s23][s30][s38]

**Q3: 什么是“遥感找矿三部曲”？305项目取得了什么成果？**

A: “遥感找矿三部曲”是郭华东团队在国家“七五”重大科技攻关项目——以“加速查明新疆矿产资源”为核心的“305”项目中总结出的宏观尺度遥感找矿方法：第一步“遥感空间定位”，用卫星遥感采集处理约12万平方公里数据锁定大范围，再用航空遥感逐层缩小、排除无矿潜力区；第二步“遥感化探定性”，结合岩石地球化学采样分析元素组合，筛选成矿远景区；第三步“遥感工程定量”，通过开挖探槽等工程手段验证并精准测算储量[s20]。1985年起，郭华东率7个研究所46位专家赴新疆阿勒泰，历时五年，共圈定14个成矿有利地带和靶区，在哈巴河县恰奔布拉克地区发现292条石英脉、其中46条为含金石英脉，探明金矿18.8吨工业储量和70吨远景储量，使哈巴河成为北疆“黄金万两县”之一[s2][s20]。该成果获1990年中国科学院科技进步一等奖（排名第一）和1991年国家科技进步三等奖（排名第一），为我国矿产资源遥感探测提供了可复制的技术范式[s23]。这一经历也让他痛感中国没有自主遥感数据、只能购买欧洲二手数据的被动，成为推动国产对地观测体系建设的直接动因[s20]。

**Q3 (EN): What is the 'Three-Step Remote Sensing Mineral Exploration' and what results did the 305 project achieve?**

A: The Three-Step Remote Sensing Mineral Exploration is a methodology developed by Guo Huadong and his team over five years of fieldwork in the Altay Mountains of Xinjiang under the national 305 project (1985-1990). Step one: remote-sensing spatial positioning, using satellite and airborne data to narrow exploration targets. Step two: remote-sensing geochemical qualitative analysis, combining geochemical sampling to identify prospective areas. Step three: remote-sensing engineering quantitative assessment, using excavation and engineering verification to calculate reserves. Results: 14 prospective zones delineated; in Qiabenbulake alone, 292 quartz veins found including 46 gold-bearing, with 18.8 tonnes of proven industrial gold reserves and 70 tonnes of prospective reserves. Awards: 1990 CAS Scientific and Technological Progress First Prize (first-ranked) and 1991 National Scientific and Technological Progress Third Prize (first-ranked).[s2][s20][s23]

**Q4: 汶川地震中的“SOS700”是怎么回事？郭华东团队发挥了什么作用？**

A: 2008年5月12日汶川特大地震后，震区通信中断、道路塌方，时任中科院对地观测与数字地球科学中心主任的郭华东在震后两分钟即部署收集卫星数据、安排过境卫星接收和航空遥感飞机待命[s16][s2]。5月14日两架航空遥感飞机飞赴灾区，在恶劣天气下完成8小时雷达作业并连夜传回首批数据[s16]。震后第五天（5月17日）深夜，值班的雷莉萍、刘良云研究员在影像中发现汶川县草坡乡一所小学屋顶上用红布拼出的“SOS700”求救信号——被困8个村的700名村民；信息经郭华东组织核实后连夜上报中央，军用直升机随即飞赴现场，700名群众全部获救[s17][s29][s19]。郭华东还通过遥感判读提出北川县城应异地重建的专报建议，同年11月国务院常务会议据此决定异地重建北川新县城[s17]。他主编了《汶川地震灾害遥感图集》[s23]。此后中国灾害遥感响应速度从汶川的2天获取首幅影像，提升到玉树地震的8小时、芦山地震的2小时（震后108分钟飞机起飞、3小时出图），并建立起13个部委参加的空间信息会商共享机制；科技救灾入选“中科院改革开放40年40项标志性科技成果”[s17][s18]。

**Q4 (EN): What was the 'SOS700' incident during the Wenchuan earthquake and what role did Guo Huadong's team play?**

A: Two minutes after the Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008, Guo Huadong initiated emergency remote-sensing operations, using two Citation aircraft and two ground stations (Miyun, Kashgar). On May 17, researchers Lei Liping and Liu Liangyun discovered in the imagery the letters SOS700 on the flat rooftop of a primary school in Caopo Township, Wenchuan County--a distress signal from 700 trapped villagers in eight villages. Guo Huadong organized verification and filed an urgent report that night; under CAS President Bai Chunli's leadership the information reached the central authorities, and military helicopters rescued all 700 people. The response time compressed from two days at Wenchuan to eight hours at Yushu (2010) to two hours at Lushan (2013, 108 minutes to airborne, three hours to map). "Without remote sensing, the distress signal would not have been discovered; the 700 lives would not have been known to need saving," Guo Huadong later reflected.[s2][s16][s17][s18][s19][s23][s29]

**Q5: 郭华东在“数字地球”领域做了哪些开创性工作？**

A: 数字地球概念由美国副总统戈尔1998年1月提出，中国迅速将其上升为战略[s33][s31]。郭华东是数字地球在中国的主要推动者和全球建制化的核心组织者：1999年11月，他任首届国际数字地球会议（北京）大会秘书长，会议通过《1999数字地球北京宣言》，这是世界首个数字地球主题国际会议[s14][s6]；他主持研制中国第一个数字地球原型系统DEPS/CAS，被联合国环境署专家评价为“具有里程碑意义的贡献”，并创建国际上第一个数字地球科学平台，后者获2014年联合国“全球脉动”奖[s31]。在组织建设上，他推动国际数字地球学会（ISDE）2004年注册、2006年在北京成立，任创始秘书长，2015—2019年任主席，此后任终身名誉主席；ISDE是中国发起的国际组织中首个加入国际科学理事会的科技组织[s14][s31][s5]。他2008年创办《国际数字地球学报》并任主编（创刊次年即入SCI），2017年创办全球首本地球科学大数据期刊《Big Earth Data》，2019年与古德柴尔德、安诺尼共同主编全球首部《数字地球手册》（18国100多位作者、26章）[s42][s32]。他那句“数字地球就是把地球装进计算机”成为该学科最广为人知的科普定义[s6]。

**Q5 (EN): What pioneering work has Guo Huadong done in the Digital Earth field?**

A: Guo Huadong presided over China's first Digital Earth prototype system, evaluated by a UNEP expert as a milestone contribution. His popular definition--"Digital Earth means putting the real Earth into my computer"--became the discipline's most widely cited formulation. He was founding secretary-general and later president of ISDE, the first Chinese-initiated international science organization to join the International Science Council (2017). He founded the International Journal of Digital Earth in 2008 (SCI-indexed the next year) and Big Earth Data in 2017. In 2019 he co-edited with Goodchild and Annoni the world's first Manual of Digital Earth (18 countries, 100-plus authors, 26 chapters). The Digital Earth Science Platform won the 2014 UN Global Pulse award.[s5][s6][s14][s31][s32][s33][s42]

**Q6: 什么是地球大数据？“地球大数据科学工程”（CASEarth）是什么？**

A: 地球大数据（Big Earth Data）是具有空间属性的地球科学领域大数据，既具海量、多源、异构、多时相、多尺度等大数据特征，又有很强的时空关联和物理关联；郭华东2014年提出“数字地球在大数据时代即地球大数据”，认为它是认识地球的“新钥匙”和地球科学发展的“新引擎”[s33][s26]。“地球大数据科学工程”（CASEarth）是中国科学院2018年启动的A类战略性先导科技专项，郭华东任负责人，联合国内数十家机构构建全球首个SDG大数据平台和地球大数据科学平台，首批即发布5PB共享数据并以每年约3PB更新，平台具备PB级在线数据服务能力、集成150余种可视化模型算法，到2025年已服务174个国家和地区[s26][s34][s2]。专项还支撑了可持续发展科学卫星研制、SDG指标监测评估和“数字丝路”计划实施[s13][s7]。郭华东同时主持国家自然科学基金重大项目“地球宏观科学现象的月基观测研究”，提出在月球部署观测平台实现超长时序、半球全域成像的月基对地观测构想，并提出全球变化科学卫星概念，二者均获国家立项[s37][s45]。

**Q6 (EN): What is Big Earth Data and what is the CASEarth program?**

A: Big Earth Data is Earth-science big data with spatial attributes, combining massive, multi-source, multi-temporal characteristics with strong spatiotemporal and physical correlations. Guo Huadong proposed in 2014 that Digital Earth in the big-data era is Big Earth Data--a new key to understanding the Earth. CASEarth is a CAS A-class strategic pilot program launched in 2018, with Guo Huadong as principal investigator. It built the world's first SDG big-data platform, initially releasing 5 PB of shared data, updated at approximately 3 PB per year, serving 174 countries and regions by 2025 with PB-scale online capability and 150-plus visualization models. The program also supported SDGSAT-1, SDG monitoring and the Digital Belt and Road initiative. Guo Huadong also proposed moon-based Earth observation and a global-change science satellite concept, both approved for national funding.[s2][s7][s13][s26][s33][s34][s37][s45]

**Q7: SDGSAT-1（可持续发展科学卫星1号）是一颗什么卫星？**

A: SDGSAT-1（又称“广目”地球科学卫星）是全球首颗专门服务联合国2030年可持续发展议程的科学卫星，也是中国科学院首颗地球科学卫星，2021年11月5日在太原卫星发射中心由长征六号火箭发射，郭华东任首席科学家[s7][s10]。它由中科院“地球大数据科学工程”先导专项研制、可持续发展大数据国际研究中心（CBAS）规划，最大特色是郭华东提出的“人类活动痕迹精细刻画”理念——以往卫星观测自然现象，它专门观测人类活动与地表相互作用的痕迹[s1][s9]。卫星搭载热红外、微光、多谱段三个成像仪：热红外载荷30米分辨率、300公里幅宽、可分辨0.2℃温差；微光载荷是国际首个高分辨率夜光遥感载荷；多谱段载荷10米分辨率，三载荷全天时协同探测“光—热—谱”参量[s8][s10]。卫星数据面向全球无偿开放，截至2026年已有116个联合国成员国使用，支撑发布联合国报告十余份[s1][s45]。其影像曾记录2023年加沙地带断电后夜光骤灭、2025年泰缅边境妙瓦底电诈园区灯光下降等人道主义议题；2024年9月发布全球首部遥感热红外影像图集[s10]。

**Q7 (EN): What is SDGSAT-1?**

A: SDGSAT-1, also known as the Guangmu Earth science satellite, is the world's first scientific satellite dedicated to serving the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the CAS's first Earth-science satellite. Launched November 5, 2021, from Taiyuan by a Long March 6 rocket, with Guo Huadong as chief scientist. Developed under CASEarth and planned by CBAS, its defining feature is the concept of fine mapping of the imprints of human activity. Three instruments: thermal-infrared (30m resolution, 300km swath, 0.2 degrees C sensitivity), low-light (world's first high-resolution nighttime-light sensor), and multi-spectral (10m resolution). Data freely available worldwide; by 2026 used by 116 UN member states, supporting 10-plus UN reports. Its imagery captured the Gaza blackout and Thailand-Myanmar scam-compound dimming. Hundreds of papers published; in September 2024 the world's first remote-sensing thermal-infrared image atlas was released.[s1][s7][s8][s9][s10][s45]

**Q8: 《地球大数据支撑可持续发展目标报告》是什么？有何影响？**

A: 这是由可持续发展大数据国际研究中心（CBAS）和中科院“地球大数据科学工程”专项组织、郭华东牵头撰写的年度系列报告，自2019年起连续发布，用地球大数据对联合国SDGs指标开展监测评估[s25][s27]。《报告（2019）》被列为中国政府参加第74届联合国大会的4个正式文件之一和联合国SDG峰会的2个文件之一；2020年报告由中国国家领导人在减贫与南南合作高级别视频会议发布；到2025年团队已连续7年完成7部报告，被联合国官网和中国外交部网站全文登载[s26][s2]。报告产出了大量数据产品与决策支持，如全球30米森林覆盖数据、中国城市增绿贡献全球28%显著变绿区域、近半数中国环境类SDG指标提前达标等结论[s27][s25]。郭华东本人2018年被联合国秘书长任命为可持续发展目标技术促进机制（TFM）十人专家组成员，2021年获首届国际科学理事会科学奖，2022年当选ISC会士[s5][s1][s3]。他概括这项工作的意义是用数据填补全球SDG监测“一半以上指标没有数据”的缺口，尤其帮助数据能力薄弱的发展中国家[s27][s28]。

**Q8 (EN): What is the Big Earth Data in Support of the SDGs annual report series and what influence has it had?**

A: This is an annual series organized by CBAS and CASEarth under Guo Huadong's direction, using Big Earth Data to monitor and assess UN SDG indicators since 2019. The 2019 report was listed as one of four official documents for China's participation in the 74th UN General Assembly and one of two for the UN SDG Summit. The 2020 report was released by China's head of state at a high-level video conference. By 2025, seven consecutive reports had been published in full on the UN website and the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs website. Key findings include global 30-meter forest-cover data, China contributing 28 percent of the world's significantly greened areas, and nearly half of China's environment-related SDG indicators already met ahead of schedule. Guo Huadong was appointed to the UN TFM ten-member expert group in 2018, received the inaugural ISC Science Award in 2021, and was elected an ISC fellow in 2022.[s1][s2][s3][s5][s25][s26][s27][s28]

**Q9: “数字丝路”（DBAR）是什么？取得了哪些成果？**

A: “数字丝路”国际科学计划（Digital Belt and Road Program，DBAR）是郭华东2016年5月倡议发起的大型国际科学计划，旨在通过共享数据、技术和知识，推动地球大数据在“一带一路”区域可持续发展中的科学服务，服务联合国2030年议程[s13][s12]。计划按十年三期推进，设农业与粮食安全、气候与环境、灾害风险、自然与文化遗产、城市、水资源、海岸带海洋、高山极地等9个国际科学工作组，成员由最初26个增至59个国家和国际组织，并在泰国曼谷、加纳苏尼亚尼等地建成9个国际卓越中心[s11][s12]。其代表性成果包括：2018年联合突尼斯、意大利、巴基斯坦科学家用空间考古技术在突尼斯发现10处古罗马时期考古遗存，这是中国科学家首次在中国境外用空间技术发现考古遗址[s13]。DBAR依托中科院地球大数据科学工程专项支持，并与郭华东任主任的UNESCO国际自然与文化遗产空间技术中心（HIST）、CAS-TWAS空间减灾卓越中心等平台协同，构成中国科技服务“一带一路”和全球发展倡议的核心网络[s35][s11]。

**Q9 (EN): What is the Digital Silk Road (DBAR) and what results has it achieved?**

A: The Digital Belt and Road (DBAR) international science program was proposed by Guo Huadong in May 2016 to advance Big Earth Data applications for sustainable development in Belt and Road regions, serving the UN 2030 Agenda. Structured over ten years in three phases, it has nine working groups covering agriculture, climate, disaster risk, heritage, urban, water, coastal, high mountain and polar regions. Membership grew from 26 to 59 countries and international organizations, with nine international centers of excellence established. A landmark achievement: in 2018, Chinese scientists with colleagues from Tunisia, Italy and Pakistan used space archaeology to discover ten ancient Roman sites in Tunisia--the first time Chinese scientists found archaeological sites on foreign soil using space technology. DBAR operates in synergy with the UNESCO HIST center and CAS-TWAS Center of Excellence for Space Disaster Reduction, forming the core network of Chinese science-and-technology service to the Belt and Road Initiative.[s11][s12][s13][s35]

**Q10: 郭华东获得过哪些重要荣誉？他担任过哪些国际职务？**

A: 国内荣誉方面，郭华东2011年12月当选中国科学院院士（地学部），曾获国家科技进步二等奖、三等奖3项，中国科学院自然科学一等奖及科技进步特等、一等、二等奖多项，2020年获第二届全国创新争先奖和何梁何利基金科学与技术进步奖（地球科学奖），并获评全国先进工作者、国家有突出贡献中青年专家[s3][s23]。国际荣誉方面，他2012年当选发展中国家科学院（TWAS）院士，2016年当选俄罗斯科学院外籍院士，2017年当选芬兰科学与人文院外籍院士，2022年当选国际科学理事会会士；2009年获亚洲遥感协会金质奖、澳大利亚科廷大学名誉科学博士，2015年获俄罗斯地理学会普热瓦尔斯基金质奖章，2021年获首届国际科学理事会科学奖（可持续发展科学奖），2026年获国际宇航联合会“名人堂”奖[s3][s1][s40]。国际职务方面，他是国际数字地球学会创始秘书长、前主席、终身名誉主席，曾任国际科联科技数据委员会（CODATA）主席（2010—2014）、国际环境遥感委员会主席（2017—2020），现任UNESCO国际自然与文化遗产空间技术中心主任、“数字丝路”计划主席、联合国SDG技术促进机制十人组成员（2018—2021）[s5][s14][s45]。

**Q10 (EN): What major honors has Guo Huadong received and what international positions has he held?**

A: Domestic honors include election as a CAS academician (December 2011); three National Prizes for Scientific and Technological Progress; multiple CAS prizes including the Natural Science First Prize and Scientific and Technological Progress Grand Prize, First and Second Prizes; the 2020 National Innovation and Pioneer Award and Ho Leung Ho Lee Foundation Prize for Science and Technology Progress (Earth Science Award); recognition as a National Advanced Worker and a National Expert with Outstanding Contributions. International honors include TWAS academician (2012), Russian Academy of Sciences foreign academician (2016), Finnish Academy of Science and Letters foreign academician (2017), ISC fellow (2022), AARS Gold Award and honorary Doctor of Science from Curtin University (2009), Russian Geographical Society Przhevalsky Gold Medal (2015), inaugural ISC Science Award (2021), and the IAF Hall of Fame Award (2026). International positions: ISDE founding secretary-general, president and lifelong honorary president; CODATA chairman (2010-2014); International Committee on Remote Sensing of Environment chairman (2017-2020); UNESCO HIST center director; DBAR chairman; UN TFM ten-member expert group (2018-2021).[s1][s3][s5][s14][s23][s40][s45]

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